Physics 405: SIGNALS, SOUND, AND SENSATION
Spring Semester
W.M. Hartmann, 171 Giltner Hall, tel: 55202, hartmann@pa.msu.edu
Office hours: MW 10:30-11:30.
Class meeting: MWF 4:10 - 5:00 pm
Text: Signals, Sound, and Sensation by W.M. Hartmann, AIP Press
(Springer-Verlag), 1997.
Demos HRW = Houtsma, Rossing, Wagenaars,
"Auditory Demos on Compact Disc."
Schedule
1 W 8 Jan. Introduction, sine waves.
2 F 10 Jan. Sine waves: period, frequency, amplitude,
oscilloscope, range of human hearing, auditory system anatomy
handout, peripheral auditory system, Ch.1; 1Ex 1,2,3,4.
[Slides of auditory periphery, anatomy handout, Expt. on range
of hearing for sine tones. The zero-crossing counter and
how to fool it; the reciprocal-reading frequency counter.]
3 M 13 Jan. Tonotopic encoding, sine wave tone color, sum of sine waves,
complex variable review, Ch.2; 2Ex 1,2,11. [Demo: interference
between two loudspeakers.]
4 W 15 Jan. Power, RMS values, crest factor, linear systems - electrical,
mechanical and acoustical, Ch.3 pp 24-28; 3Ex 2,4. [Expt. measure
10:1 pulse with diverse AC voltmeters, including true RMS.]
5 F 17 Jan. Decibels I: Relative and absolute, electrical and acoustical,
sound level meters - weighting scales, Ch.3 pp 28-33 and 39-40;
3Ex 7,12.[Demo. sound level meters A and C scales]
6 M 20 Jan. Decibels II: Adding signals, spectrum level, spectrum analyzer,
Ch.3 pp 40-50; 3Ex 21,24. [Demo: Mix tone and noise, power in
octave bands of white and pink noise.]
7 W 22 Jan. Loudness level, intensity difference limens, Weber Law,
Ch.4 pp 59-63; 4Ex 4,5,12. [Demo 2-dB changes, HRW 6.]
8 F 24 Jan. Loudness - sones, Fechner Law, Stevens Law, Hellman-Hellman
model, Ch.4 pp 63-71; 4Ex 1,3,8. [HRW 7.]
9 M 27 Jan. Loudness summation across frequency, temporal integration,
Ch.4 pp 72-78; 4Ex 9,10. [HRW 3 and 8.]
10 W 29 Jan. Fourier series I: Definition of the series, projecting
functions, spectrum, amplitude and phase, Ch.5 pp 81-92; 5Ex 1,2a,5.
[Handout operating instructions for HP spectrum analyzer.]
11 F 31 Jan. Fourier series II: Symmetry, computation, Ch.5 pp 92-100;
5Ex 3,7,11. [Lab - computer synthesis of waveforms. Handout table
of peridic functions and Fourier series.]
12 M 3 Feb. Fourier series III - Exercises: exponential form, optimum
finite series, 5Ex 14,17,19,21. [Demo Gibbs phenomena]
13 W 5 Feb. EXAM 1 - Chapters 1 through 5.
14 F 7 Feb. Perception of periodic tones: idealized musical tones,
peripheral analysis, pulsation threshold method, Ch.6 pp 117-123;
6Ex 3. [HRW 11 and pulsed Tchaikovsky.]
15 M 10 Feb. Auditory frequency analysis, masking, formant structure of
vowels, hearing out harmonics, Duifhuis pitch, segregation and
integration of tones, template matching, Ch.6 pp 123-140; 6Ex 1,2,4.
[HRW 1; Hykes - Windhorse Riders; McAdams FM demo]
16 W 12 Feb. Pitch and tone color of periodic tones, missing fundamental,
pitch and chroma, Ch.6 pp 140-148; 6Ex 5,6. [HRW 20, 21, 22, 23,
24, 25, 27; handout on pitch effects per HRW.]
17 F 14 Feb. The Dirac delta function, Ch.7 pp 150-157; 7Ex 2,4,5,6,7.
18 M 17 Feb. The Fourier integral I: Definition, even and odd functions,
Ch.8 pp 161-169; 8Ex 1,2,3. [Harvard tape 5: Shepard illusions.]
19 W 19 Feb. The Fourier integral II: Time shifting, derivatives and
integrals, convolution, Ch.8 pp 169-173; 8Ex 5,6,8,9.
20 F 21 Feb. The Fourier integral III: Introduction to correlation functions
and filtering, periodic functions, the lattice sum, large and small
scales, Ch.8 pp 173-183; 8Ex 16,17,19. [Lab - PC Convolution
program - generate by computer - see on 'scope - hear through phones.]
21 M 24 Feb. Filters I: Transfer function and impulse response, time invariant
systems, first order filter and step function response,
Ch.9 pp 195-209; 9Ex 2,3,4. [Demo speech spectrogram ]
22 W 26 Feb. Filters II: Second order filter: transfer functions and impulse
response, resonance, Q-factor, Ch.9 pp 209-214; 9Ex 5,7,11.[Demo
state variable filter - graphic and parametric equalizer, Q,
ringing, resonance, phase shift. Music through a filter.]
23 F 28 Feb. Filters III: Transversal filters, all-pass filters, Huggins
pitch, Ch.9 pp 214-216 and 218-222; 9Ex 8,13.
3-7 March SPRING BREAK
24 M 10 Mar. REVIEW Chapters 6 through 9.
25 W 12 Mar. EXAM 2 Chapters 6 through 9.
26 F 14 Mar. Auditory filtering I: cochlear tuning as measured in the
auditory nerve, rectangular filters and the critical ratio,
roex filter, Ch.10 pp 238-248; 10Ex 2,4,9. [HRW 2.]
27 M 17 Mar. Auditory filtering II: critical bands, gammatone filter,
subjective consequences of critical bands, Ch.10 pp 249-258;
10Ex 7,8,10. [HRW 9 and 19; roughness demo. Stream segregation,
demos from van Noorden DAT]
28 W 19 Mar. Musical scales, octaves and cents, Ch.11 pp 264-274;
11Ex 1,2. [HRW 18, 28 and Music of Harry Partch. ]
29 F 21 Mar. Consonance and harmony, stretched scales, Ch.11 pp 275-279;
11Ex 5,6,7. [HRW 31.]
30 M 24 Mar. Pitch of sine tones, Ch.12 pp 282-298; 12Ex 1,3.
[HRW 17, 12, 14, 15, 16, 33]
31 W 26 Mar. Power spectrum, time reversed signals, onset transients,
Ch.13 pp 302-314; 13Ex 1,3. [HRW 35]
32 F 28 Mar. Uncertainty and the pitch of short tones, spectral rake,
Ch.13 pp 317-328; 13Ex 7,8. [HRW 13, alternating pulses, pitch
vs temporal resolution demo]
33 M 31 Mar. Correlation functions, Wiener Khintchine relation,
periodic functions, Ch.14 pp 332-341; 14Ex 2,3,5.
34 W 2 Apr. Parseval's theorem, noise bands, symmetry, cross
correlation, autocorrelation and pitch, Ch.14 pp 341-348 and
pp 352-355; 14Ex 8,10,12. [Binaural effects HRW 37 and 38.
Demo cross correlation for noise band through KEMAR.]
35 F 4 Apr. Delay-and-add filtering, repetition pitch, Ch.15 pp 361-368;
15Ex 2,3. [HRW 26.]
36 M 7 Apr. Beats, Ch.17 pp 393-398; 17Ex 1,2. [Jeffress beats demo]
37 W 9 Apr. Amplitude modulation, balanced modulation, the frequency
domain grating, Ch.17 pp 399-408; 17Ex 4,5,10. [Demo AM and BM
with analog multiplier]
38 F 11 Apr. REVIEW Chapters 10,11,12,13,14,15,17.
39 M 14 Apr. EXAM 3 Chapters 10,11,12,13,14,15,17.
40 W 16 Apr. Frequency modulation I: narrowband FM, phasor comparison
with AM, QFM, wide-band FM, Ch.19 pp 430-442; 19Ex 1,2. [Demo
program MIXMOD - spectrum of narrow band and wideband FM and
mixed modulation.]
41 F 18 Apr. Frequency modulation II: wide-band FM continued, detection
of FM by human listeners, Ch.19 pp 442-446; 19Ex 3,5,6.
42 M 21 Apr. Sampled signals I: quantization, Nyquist criterion,
undersampling and aliasing, Ch.21 pp 468-477; 21Ex 1,3,6.
[Harvard 8, speech quantization; demo program ALIAS shows
aliasing.]
43 W 23 Apr. Sampled signals II: sample and hold, jitter, DFT, FFT,
oversampling, Ch.21 pp 477-486; 21Ex 4,5,9.
44 F 25 Apr. GENERAL REVIEW
FE W 30 Apr. 5:45-7:45, FINAL EXAM - Cumulative.
Grading: Class participation, homework problem sets and assigned
paragraphs, hourly exams, final exam.