"Science and Application of Nanotubes"

Subject INDEX

Adsorption
heat of, 217
hydrogen, see Hydrogen storage
isotherms, 217
methane, 215
Applications, 35
Arc-discharge synthesis, 1, 67-68, 94, 297
Atomic force microscopy (AFM), 83, 85, 300
tapping mode, 85
Attachment of nanotubes, 371

Bucky-paper, 370
Bundles of nanotubes, see Ropes of nanotubes
	
C60 molecules, 2
in peapods, see Peapods
Carbon arc, see Arc-discharge synthesis
Carbon fibers, 11
adhesion of, 39
air-etched, 47
composites of, see Composites of fibers
continuous formation of, 35-36
elastic modulus, 41, 43-44, 46, 48-49
electric conductance, 49
graphitized, 47
infiltration of polymers, 38
modulus, see elastic modulus 
properties improvement, 48 
shear strength, 47
tensile strength, 41-43, 46
vapor-grown, 35-36
Carbon filaments, 35
formation of, 35
Carbon nanotubes
coiled, see Coiled nanotubes
composites, see Composites of nanotubes
conductance, see Electric transport
defects in, see Defects in nanotubes
electric properties, see Electric properties
filling, see Filling of nanotubes
field emission, see Field electron emission
growth, see Growth mechanism
magnetic properties, see Magnetic properties
mechanical properties, see Mechanical 
properties 
morphology, see Morphology of nanotubes
purification, see Synthesis of nanotubes, 
purification
ropes of, see Ropes of nanotubes
spiral, see Coiled nanotubes 
synthesis of, see Synthesis of nanotubes
transport in, see Electric transport or Thermal 
transport
Catalytic synthesis, 12, 84-85, 152
Chemical composition, 5
Chemical vapor deposition synthesis, 152, 181, 
299, 350
Coiled nanotubes, 83-84, 90, 224, 299, 304
pitch of, 90
Combustion, 35
Composites of fibers, 41, 94, 98
electric conductance, 49
Composites of nanotubes, 58, 93, 98
Al2O3-based, 154
deformation of, 93
densification fracture, 164
electric conductance, 166
fracture strength, 165
matrix reinforcement, 100
matrix-nanotube interaction, 102
mechanical properties, 93, 98, 100, 165
MgAl2O4-based, 159
MgO-based, 161
nanotube-matrix interaction, 166
metal-oxide composites, 152-153
Conductance of nanotubes, see Electric transport
Construction using nanotubes, 365
attachment, see Attachment of nanotubes
manipulation, see Manipulation of nanotubes
multiple tube assembly, 374
weaving, 374
Contact potential, 19
Cutting of nanotubes, 373

Defects in nanotubes, 28, 103, 128
dilute disorder, 113
formation of, 31
heptagon, 84
interference effects, 112
local charge neutrality, 131
localization length, 116
Lyapunov exponents, 116
pentagon, 84
pentagon-heptagon pair, 29, 90
scattering from defects, 109
Stone-Wales, 17, 30-31, 196
Deformation of nanotubes, 95
addimer-induced transformation, 198
Diffraction, 2, 7
Doping of nanotubes, 231

Electric properties, 223
metallic CNTs, 22
semiconducting CNTs, 22, 231
work function of CNTs, 362
Electric transport 195, 223, 231
Aharonov-Bohm effect, 306, 308
anti-resonance, 144
ballistic, 118, 137, 199, 305, 309, 334, 350, 
352
bent nanotubes, 236
bond rotation defect, 144
breakdown, 223, 229
capped nanotubes, 137, 143
coherence length, 223, 226, 309
conductance, 22, 103-104, 129
conductance quantization, 305, 333
contact resistance, 349
current densities, 229
current-voltage characteristics, 351
defect scattering, 137, 200
dependence on energy, 339, 343
diffusive, 308
effect of tube diameter, 141
fabrication of contacts, 351
inhomogeneous multi-wall nanotubes, 342
Kondo scattering, 228
Landauer-Bttiker formalism, 107, 336
localization, 118, 223
localization length, 140
Luttinger liquid behavior, 228, 305-306, 310
magnetoresistance, 227, 308
multi-wall nanotubes, 307, 338, 349
non-ohmic, 231
ohmic, 118
quantum interference, 306
quasi-ballistic, 309
quasiparticle lifetime, 113
resonances in transmission, 138
scattering from, 322
scattering theory of, see Scattering theory
single-wall nanotubes, 307
spin-orbit scattering, 228
strong isolated defects, 141
strong localization, 227
sub-band contribution, 141
superconductivity, 352
temperature-dependent resistance, 307
transmission gap, 142
transmission probability, 138-140, 143, 336
twisted nanotubes, 236
universal conductance fluctuations, 227
weak localization, 225
weak uniform disorder, 140
zero-bias anomaly, 228, 310
Electrodes
graphite, 2, 6
Electrolysis, 2
Electron diffraction, 2
Electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS), 2, 7
Electron irradiation, 302
Electron spin resonance, 311
multi-wall tubes, 312
single-wall tubes, 313
Electronic structure, 18, 123, 126 
band dispersion, 77, 79-80, 276
band-bending in semiconducting nanotubes, 
232
charge density waves, 322
charge transfer at interfaces, see Interface with 
metals, charge transfer
D-band, 292
density matrix, 322-323
density of states, 139, 240, 253, 255-256, 311
electron spin g-factor, 312
electronic states, 103
Fermi-level pinning, 121
G? band, 293
graphite, 20, 264, 281-282
localized states, 103, 240
metallic nanotubes, 278, 281
multi-wall nanotubes, 338
particle-hole state symmetry, 276
pp? matrix element ?0, 256, 275, 311
pseudogaps, 24
self-consistent potential, 124
semiconducting nanotubes, 278, 281
single-wall nanotubes, 17, 103, 137, 223, 321
Slonczewski-Weiss-McClure band model, 275
spin relaxation, 312
spin susceptibility, 311
spin-orbit coupling, 312
tunneling states, 322
van Hove singularities, 24, 280, 283, 309
Energy storage
electrochemical double layer, 209

Field electron emission
closed nanotubes, 315
cold cathode, 355, 362
current stability, 363
current-voltage characteristics, 360
densities of emitters in displays, 363
display brightness, 359
display characteristics, 359
emission current, 362
emitter array, 248
Fowler-Nordheim theory, 239, 318
field enhancement, 241, 245-248, 316, 360
flat-panel display, 355, 359
isolated multi-wall nanotubes, 314
localized states, 246
luminescence induced by, 317
mechanism, 318
nanotube cathode, 355, 362
nanotube emitter array, 316
onset electric field, 360
open-ended nanotube emitter, 315
uniformity, 360
Filling of nanotubes, 1, 3
by C60, see Peapods
by metals, 77, 81
capillarity, 1
Formation process, see Growth mechanism or   
Synthesis of nanotubes 

Graphite
electrodes, see Electrodes, graphite
electronic structure, see Electronic structure, 
graphite
exfoliation of graphite, see Growth 
mechanism, graphite exfoliation 
fluorination, see Synthesis of nanotubes, 
fluorinated graphite 
phonon structure, see Phonon structure, 
graphite
Graphitization, 12
Growth mechanism, 2, 10, 53
base growth, 163, 191
boron nitride (BN) nanotubes, 53-54, 58, 62-
63
carbon nanotubes, 53-54, 190
dynamics, 60
frustration effects, 58
frustration energies, 60
graphite exfoliation, 171
lip-lip interaction, 56
multi-wall nanotubes (MWNTs), 57
single-wall nanotubes (SWNTs), 54
termination, 12
tip-growth, 163, 191
yarmulke-growth, 163

Heat conductance, see Thermal transport
Helicity, see Coiled nanotubes, pitch of
Hybrid assemblies of nanotubes, 67
Hydrogen storage, 215
capacity, 209
cyclic stability, 207
electrochemical, 205
reaction rate, 209 
Hydrogenation of nanotubes, 302

Interface with metals, 121, 124, 127
charge transfer, 124
Inter-wall coupling, 27

Junctions of nanotubes, 30

Light emission, 317

Magnetic properties, 312
Manipulation of nanotubes, 365
attachment, see Attachment of nanotubes
Mechanical properties, 195, 297
bending modulus, see Young's modulus
disorder, 302
ductile-brittle domain map, 198
elastic modulus, see Young's modulus
fracture toughness, 154
mechanical strength, 300
multi-wall nanotubes, 93-94, 100
nanotube composites, see Composites of 
nanotubes
nanotube ropes, 300
tensile strength, 94
Young's modulus, 94, 300
Metal-induced gap states (MIGS), 122, 132
Moir‚ super-pattern, 27
Molecular dynamics simulations, 53
Morphology of nanotubes, 58, 83
achiral, see non-chiral
armchair, 22, 24, 54, 60
bundled, see Ropes of nanotubes
capped, 216
chiral, 17, 25-26
coiled, see Coiled nanotubes
diameter, 162, 187
Euler's theorem, 55
helical, see Coiled nanotubes
multi-wall, 10, 27, 56
non-chiral, 25
rings, see Coiled nanotubes
rippling in bent nanotubes, 304
ropes, see Ropes of nanotubes
single-wall, 10, 17, 54, 93-95, 122
spiral, see Coiled nanotubes
symmetry, 27-28
terminating caps, 23, 27, 54
twisted, 28, 236
zig-zag, 24, 54, 61

Nanoencapsulates, 177
Nanotube ropes, see Ropes of nanotubes
Nanotubes
boron nitride, 53
carbon, see Carbon nanotubes
Nanowires, 2, 9-10

Optical conductivity of nanotubes, 306

Peapods, 67-68
Phase diagrams, 13-14
Phonon structure
anti-Stokes spectra, 258
combination modes, 266, 270
D-band, 261
dependence on tube diameter, 256
G?-band, 261
graphite, 264
overtone modes, 266
radial breathing mode, 253, 256
resonant Raman scattering, see Raman 
spectroscopy, resonant
Stokes spectra, 258
tangential stretching mode, 253, 256
Pulsed laser vaporization synthesis, 67-68, 94

Quantum dots, 198

Raman spectroscopy, 93, 94
resonant, 253, 256, 287
Ropes of nanotubes, 27,160-161, 182, 189, 374

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), 83, 85
Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), 17, 122, 
286, 321
atomic corrugation, 24
bias-dependence of STM images in metallic 
nanotubes, 326
bias-dependence of STM images in 
semiconducting nanotubes, 327
current-voltage characteristics, 20-21
geometric distortion, 26
images, 20, 24
Scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS), 17, 22, 
121, 129, 286
Scattering theory, 104, 333, 335
transfer matrix approach, 105
Schottky barrier, 122, 132
Spectroscopy, 223, 236
electron, see Electron energy loss 
spectroscopy (EELS), 2, 7 
optical transmission spectroscopy, 286
Raman, see Raman spectroscopy
tunneling, see Scanning tunneling 
spectroscopy (STS) 
Stability
structural, 58
thermal, 229
Strain energy
axial, 196
bending, 59
Sulfide, 7-8
Sulfur, 2, 6, 9, 10-12
Surface treatment, 44
Synthesis of nanotubes
arc discharge,  see Arc-discharge synthesis
catalytic, see Catalytic synthesis
chemical vapor deposition (CVD), see 
Chemical vapor deposition synthesis
CO disproportionation, 152
electrolysis of molten salts, 151
fluorinated graphite, 172
inductively coupled plasma, 169, 170
mesoporous templates, 182
methane decomposition, 158
powder synthesis, 152
pulsed laser vaporization, see Pulsed laser 
vaporization synthesis
purification of nanotubes, 297
pyrolysis 2, 35, 151
reduction of solid solutions, 152
solar technique, 151
spiral nanotubes, 299
temperature range, 10

Tight-binding formalism, 18
Thermal transport, 229
Topology, see Morphology of nanotubes
Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), 2, 36, 
68, 84
Tunneling processes, 18

Van Hove singularities, see Electronic structure, 
van Hove singularities