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string(38) "Expectations of Others Affect Behavior"
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string(379) "The expectations we create for others often become reality. This can have interesting effects when applied out in the real world. This section contains multiple examples of how expectations have changed the lives and persuaded the behavior of other individuals.
School Teachers
Under the umbrella of expectations, teachers can be the greatest asset or the greatest negative [...]"
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string(3044) "The expectations we create for others often become reality. This can have interesting effects when applied out in the real world. This section contains multiple examples of how expectations have changed the lives and persuaded the behavior of other individuals.
School Teachers
Under the umbrella of expectations, teachers can be the greatest asset or the greatest negative influence in a child’s life. We know what happens when a teacher labels a student a ‘‘troublemaker’’ because it creates certain expectations for the student’s actions. We have seen the labels ‘‘slow learner,’’ ‘‘stupid,’’ and ‘‘ADD’’ become projections for a student’s future academic success. There is the story of the substitute teacher who came to class and found a note from the regular teacher labeling one of her students as a troublemaker and another as helpful. The substitute teacher began the class looking for these two students. When she found them, she treated them accordingly. However, when the teacher returned, she was amazed when she discovered the substitute felt the troublemaker was helpful and the helper was trouble. She had gotten them mixed up! The children’s behavior was based on the substitute’s expectations. This is often called social labeling. People tend to live up to the positive or negative label bestowed on them.[3]
We have all had teachers who had high expectations of us and brought us to the next level. Can you imagine how powerful this becomes? Imagine the first day of class as the teacher looks around the room at her students. What if there is a student who is the son of a distinguished Asian professor, another one who it the brother of a former student who was a class clown, and one who is heavily pierced and wearing all black? What do you think her assumptions and expectations would be? Her expectations would probably be fulfilled without ever even speaking to the students.
One interesting experiment revealed how teachers’ expectations influenced students. Two Head Start teachers were selected who were as equal as possible in potential and in practice. Then, two classes were formed from pupils who had been carefully tested to ensure that they were as similar as possible in background and learning potential. Next, the principal spoke with each teacher alone. He told the first teacher how fortunate she was. ‘‘You have a class of high potential pupils this year! Just don’t stand in their way. They’re racers and ready to run.’’ The second teacher was told, ‘‘I’m sorry about your pupils this year. But you can’t expect top students every year. Just do the best you can. We’ll be understanding, regardless of the results.’’ At the end of the year, the two classes were tested again. The first class scored significantly ahead of the second.[4] The major differentiating factor appeared to be each teacher’s expectations.
Taken From : Maximum Influence : The 12 Universal Laws of power Persuasion
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["title"]=>
string(34) "4. Primacy and Recency Effects (1)"
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string(353) "Timing is everything. The Primacy and Recency Effects refer to timing your message so it will have its greatest impact. The ‘‘Primacy Effect’’ refers to the impact of points made at the beginning of a presentation, and the ‘‘Recency Effect’’ refers to the impact of information presented at the end of a presentation. These effects [...]"
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string(2399) "Timing is everything. The Primacy and Recency Effects refer to timing your message so it will have its greatest impact. The ‘‘Primacy Effect’’ refers to the impact of points made at the beginning of a presentation, and the ‘‘Recency Effect’’ refers to the impact of information presented at the end of a presentation. These effects can be powerful presentation tools since it is typically the very first and very last parts of your presentation that bear the strongest weight in your audience’s overall impression. These impressions will linger longer than anything else about the presentation. Your first and final words determine how you will be remembered and thought of long after your speech has ended. Be sure you carefully craft your opening and closing statements, placing your strongest points at those times.
5. Offer Choices
There is a strange psychological phenomenon in regard to drawing conclusions. If someone tells us exactly what to do, our tendency is to reject that dictated choice when we feel it is our only option. The solution is to offer your prospects a few options so that they can make the choice for themselves. People feel the need to have freedom and make their own choices. If forced to choose something against their will, they experience psychological resistance and feel a need to restore their freedom.
We all need options. Recently, I saw a young moose get surrounded by people who wanted a picture of it. Feeling trapped, this moose charged at the people in an attempt to escape. This type of scenario can also present itself in your persuasive efforts. If you don’t offer options to your audience, they could attempt to charge and escape.
The strategy is that you have control over your prospects’ options. As a Master Persuader, you only give them options that will satisfy your situation. We have all done this with children: Do you want to finish your dinner or go to bed early? In sales, they call this strategy the alternative close. For example, have you heard the line, ‘‘Do you want regular or deluxe?’’ Or what about, ‘‘Do you want it in blue or green?’’ or ‘‘Do you want to meet Monday afternoon or Tuesday evening?’’ The person has options, but both options meet the persuader’s goals.
Taken From : Maximum Influence : The 12 Universal Laws of power Persuasion
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5. Offer Choices
There is a strange psychological phenomenon in regard to drawing conclusions. If someone tells us exactly what to do, our tendency is to reject that dictated choice when we feel it is our only option. The solution is to offer your prospects a few options so that they can make the choice for themselves. People feel the need to have freedom and make their own choices. If forced to choose something against their will, they experience psychological resistance and feel a need to restore their freedom.
We all need options. Recently, I saw a young moose get surrounded by people who wanted a picture of it. Feeling trapped, this moose charged at the people in an attempt to escape. This type of scenario can also present itself in your persuasive efforts. If you don’t offer options to your audience, they could attempt to charge and escape.
The strategy is that you have control over your prospects’ options. As a Master Persuader, you only give them options that will satisfy your situation. We have all done this with children: Do you want to finish your dinner or go to bed early? In sales, they call this strategy the alternative close. For example, have you heard the line, ‘‘Do you want regular or deluxe?’’ Or what about, ‘‘Do you want it in blue or green?’’ or ‘‘Do you want to meet Monday afternoon or Tuesday evening?’’ The person has options, but both options meet the persuader’s goals.
Taken From : Maximum Influence : The 12 Universal Laws of power Persuasion
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["title"]=>
string(22) "The Gettysburg Address"
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string(313) "Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation, conceived in liberty and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation or any nation so conceived and so dedicated can long endure. We [...]"
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string(2422) "Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation, conceived in liberty and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation or any nation so conceived and so dedicated can long endure. We are met on a great battlefield of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field as a final resting-place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this. But in a larger sense, we cannot dedicate, we cannot consecrate, we cannot hallow this ground. The brave men, living and dead who struggled here have consecrated it far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us the living rather to be dedicated here to the unfinished work, which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us—that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion—that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain, that this nation under God shall have a new birth of freedom, and that government of the people, by the people, for the people shall not perish from the earth.
How about Winston Churchill’s ‘‘blood, sweat, and tears’’ speech? He read it in less than two and a half minutes. Even Nelson Mandela’s famous speech signaling the end of apartheid—a speech he gave after twenty-seven years of imprisonment—lasted only five minutes.
Make sure your speech is articulate and intelligent, but be careful not to use esoteric language. Use simple terms and jargon that are familiar to your audience. Complexity will not impress them; rather it will muddle your message. Make your points simple, clear, and direct. Avoid facts, figures, examples, questions, or anything else that—if used ineffectively—might complicate your message.
Conversely, if you are trying to dissuade, use all the complexity you want. If a person feels confused, perplexed, bewildered, etc., well, as they say, a confused mind says, ‘‘No!’’
Taken From : Maximum Influence : The 12 Universal Laws of power Persuasion
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How about Winston Churchill’s ‘‘blood, sweat, and tears’’ speech? He read it in less than two and a half minutes. Even Nelson Mandela’s famous speech signaling the end of apartheid—a speech he gave after twenty-seven years of imprisonment—lasted only five minutes.
Make sure your speech is articulate and intelligent, but be careful not to use esoteric language. Use simple terms and jargon that are familiar to your audience. Complexity will not impress them; rather it will muddle your message. Make your points simple, clear, and direct. Avoid facts, figures, examples, questions, or anything else that—if used ineffectively—might complicate your message.
Conversely, if you are trying to dissuade, use all the complexity you want. If a person feels confused, perplexed, bewildered, etc., well, as they say, a confused mind says, ‘‘No!’’
Taken From : Maximum Influence : The 12 Universal Laws of power Persuasion
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string(366) "We see general themes in commercials and advertisements. A theme is easily remembered and easily retained. Attorney Gerry Spence uses themes during his court cases. For example, when a small ice cream manufacturer sued McDonald’s for breach of oral contract, Spence centered his whole argument and position around the theme, ‘‘Let’s put honor back into [...]"
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string(1595) "We see general themes in commercials and advertisements. A theme is easily remembered and easily retained. Attorney Gerry Spence uses themes during his court cases. For example, when a small ice cream manufacturer sued McDonald’s for breach of oral contract, Spence centered his whole argument and position around the theme, ‘‘Let’s put honor back into the handshake.’’ The jury was won over and Spence’s client was awarded $52 million. In another case, Spence’s client was suing an insurance company for quadriplegic fraud. This time, Spence’s theme was: ‘‘Human need versus corporate greed.’’ The insurance company ended up having to shell out $33.5 million plus the interest on $10 million.
Having a theme will give your presentation flow, order, and presence in the minds of your audience members. Themes provide an easy way for people to remember the heart of your message. If you have strong and well-organized themes, you can be sure your audience will understand and remember your message more clearly and more strongly.
3. Brevity and Simplicity
Keep your message short and simple. Boring an audience to tears has never yet worked as an effective persuasive technique. If the message is short and simple, it will most likely be clearer and therefore easier to remember. Consider the profundity of Abraham Lincoln’s historical Gettysburg Address. The whole speech, from start to finish, was only 269 words. He presented it in less than three minutes
Taken From : Maximum Influence : The 12 Universal Laws of power Persuasion
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string(366) "We see general themes in commercials and advertisements. A theme is easily remembered and easily retained. Attorney Gerry Spence uses themes during his court cases. For example, when a small ice cream manufacturer sued McDonald’s for breach of oral contract, Spence centered his whole argument and position around the theme, ‘‘Let’s put honor back into [...]"
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Having a theme will give your presentation flow, order, and presence in the minds of your audience members. Themes provide an easy way for people to remember the heart of your message. If you have strong and well-organized themes, you can be sure your audience will understand and remember your message more clearly and more strongly.
3. Brevity and Simplicity
Keep your message short and simple. Boring an audience to tears has never yet worked as an effective persuasive technique. If the message is short and simple, it will most likely be clearer and therefore easier to remember. Consider the profundity of Abraham Lincoln’s historical Gettysburg Address. The whole speech, from start to finish, was only 269 words. He presented it in less than three minutes
Taken From : Maximum Influence : The 12 Universal Laws of power Persuasion
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string(307) "Once the call to action has taken place, your audience needs to remember, retain, and respond to your message. They have to keep doing what you want them to do. Have your points been memorable, easy to understand, and simple to follow? Remember, your message will boil down not to what you say and do, [...]"
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string(1621) "Once the call to action has taken place, your audience needs to remember, retain, and respond to your message. They have to keep doing what you want them to do. Have your points been memorable, easy to understand, and simple to follow? Remember, your message will boil down not to what you say and do, but to what the other person remembers. The following critical items must be included in your persuasive presentation.
1. Repetition
The use of repetition is very effective. We have heard that repetition is the mother of all learning; it is also the mother of effective persuasion. Repetition creates familiarity toward your ideas, and that leads to a positive association. When something gets repeated, it gets stuck in your memory. It improves your comprehension. You need to repeat your message several times so your audience understands precisely what you are talking about and comprehends exactly what you want them to do. You can repeat the message several times without saying the same thing over and over again.
My motto is: When you repeat, repackage how you say it. Each time you express your point, use new evidence and new words, so you don’t sound like a broken record. When you use repetition too much, it might result in diminishing returns. You know how you feel about someone telling you a joke or a story you’ve already heard or about that commercial you’ve seen one too many times. If you’ve heard it a million times before, you tune out and quit listening. Keep your repetitions about each point to approximately three references, and definitely no more than five
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1. Repetition
The use of repetition is very effective. We have heard that repetition is the mother of all learning; it is also the mother of effective persuasion. Repetition creates familiarity toward your ideas, and that leads to a positive association. When something gets repeated, it gets stuck in your memory. It improves your comprehension. You need to repeat your message several times so your audience understands precisely what you are talking about and comprehends exactly what you want them to do. You can repeat the message several times without saying the same thing over and over again.
My motto is: When you repeat, repackage how you say it. Each time you express your point, use new evidence and new words, so you don’t sound like a broken record. When you use repetition too much, it might result in diminishing returns. You know how you feel about someone telling you a joke or a story you’ve already heard or about that commercial you’ve seen one too many times. If you’ve heard it a million times before, you tune out and quit listening. Keep your repetitions about each point to approximately three references, and definitely no more than five
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string(353) "Countless hours of research indicate that color does matter. Notice how fast food restaurants, schools, and professional sports teams all choose certain colors that ‘‘represent’’ them. You already know that colors can suggest a mood or attitude, but did you also know that color accounts for 60 percent of the acceptance or rejection of an [...]"
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string(3522) "Countless hours of research indicate that color does matter. Notice how fast food restaurants, schools, and professional sports teams all choose certain colors that ‘‘represent’’ them. You already know that colors can suggest a mood or attitude, but did you also know that color accounts for 60 percent of the acceptance or rejection of an object or a person?[10] These impressions don’t change overnight. We all have automatic color triggers and hidden associations about various colors. Color impacts our thinking, our actions, and our reactions. Armed with this knowledge, we must take into account the association of colors in our persuasion and marketing efforts.
Color is a great persuasive device. Since we don’t perceive what is happening, we don’t develop a resistance to persuasive color techniques. This process happens at a completely subconscious level. Color is critical in marketing, in advertising, and in product packaging. Colors are not just for appearance—they have significance. The favorite food colors are red, yellow, orange, and brown.[11] These colors trigger automatic responses in our nervous system and stimulate our appetite. Fast food restaurants decorate with shades of red, yellow, and orange. These hues are known as ‘‘arousal colors’’ because they stimulate the appetite and encourage you to eat faster. Compare these bright colors to the calming colors found in fine restaurants. These restaurants tend to use greens and blues in their design schemes, colors which encourage you to stay and linger.
Colors can also be used to attract our attention. The shades that grab our attention are reds and oranges. The challenge is that each color has multiple meanings; one person might draw one meaning while another person might conclude an entirely different meaning. Red can be exciting to one group and mean ‘‘unprofitable’’ to another. To others it could signal ‘‘stop’’ or ‘‘danger.’’ Red can denote boldness, aggressiveness, and extroversion, but it also represents anger, danger, sin, and blood. Yellow is known as a fast color and is the first color to register in the brain. Yellow causes you to be alert and watchful. The results of such research explain why new fire trucks and fire hydrants are being painted yellow.
An interesting study on the use of color occurred at the U.S. Naval Correctional Center in Seattle, Washington. The entire holding cell was painted pink, except for the floor. Many inmates at this stage of confinement were hostile and violent. The cell was painted pink to see whether the color would have a calming effect on the prisoners. Each person was only held ten to fifteen minutes a day in these pink cells. After 156 days of constant use, there were no incidents of erratic behavior in the inmates.[12]
What about the color of the pills you take? Research has shown that the color of medicine can change the perception or association of the pill. When scientists studied the drugs people took and the associations they formed of them based on their colors, they found that most people felt white pills were weak while black ones were strong. In another study, researchers gave blue and pink placebos to medical students, who were told the pills were either stimulants or sedatives. The students taking the pink pills felt more energy while the students taking the blue pills felt drowsy.
Taken From : Maximum Influence : The 12 Universal Laws of power Persuasion
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Color is a great persuasive device. Since we don’t perceive what is happening, we don’t develop a resistance to persuasive color techniques. This process happens at a completely subconscious level. Color is critical in marketing, in advertising, and in product packaging. Colors are not just for appearance—they have significance. The favorite food colors are red, yellow, orange, and brown.[11] These colors trigger automatic responses in our nervous system and stimulate our appetite. Fast food restaurants decorate with shades of red, yellow, and orange. These hues are known as ‘‘arousal colors’’ because they stimulate the appetite and encourage you to eat faster. Compare these bright colors to the calming colors found in fine restaurants. These restaurants tend to use greens and blues in their design schemes, colors which encourage you to stay and linger.
Colors can also be used to attract our attention. The shades that grab our attention are reds and oranges. The challenge is that each color has multiple meanings; one person might draw one meaning while another person might conclude an entirely different meaning. Red can be exciting to one group and mean ‘‘unprofitable’’ to another. To others it could signal ‘‘stop’’ or ‘‘danger.’’ Red can denote boldness, aggressiveness, and extroversion, but it also represents anger, danger, sin, and blood. Yellow is known as a fast color and is the first color to register in the brain. Yellow causes you to be alert and watchful. The results of such research explain why new fire trucks and fire hydrants are being painted yellow.
An interesting study on the use of color occurred at the U.S. Naval Correctional Center in Seattle, Washington. The entire holding cell was painted pink, except for the floor. Many inmates at this stage of confinement were hostile and violent. The cell was painted pink to see whether the color would have a calming effect on the prisoners. Each person was only held ten to fifteen minutes a day in these pink cells. After 156 days of constant use, there were no incidents of erratic behavior in the inmates.[12]
What about the color of the pills you take? Research has shown that the color of medicine can change the perception or association of the pill. When scientists studied the drugs people took and the associations they formed of them based on their colors, they found that most people felt white pills were weak while black ones were strong. In another study, researchers gave blue and pink placebos to medical students, who were told the pills were either stimulants or sedatives. The students taking the pink pills felt more energy while the students taking the blue pills felt drowsy.
Taken From : Maximum Influence : The 12 Universal Laws of power Persuasion
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string(27) "Car Accessories Information"
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string(318) "Do you want to have attractive accessories for your own car? If so, you may come to online sources as there are many specialists provide wide selections of auto accessory. If you get confused and have lack of information in regard to what accessories that fit your car, you may start reading some auto magazines. [...]"
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string(1266) "Do you want to have attractive accessories for your own car? If so, you may come to online sources as there are many specialists provide wide selections of auto accessory. If you get confused and have lack of information in regard to what accessories that fit your car, you may start reading some auto magazines. Usually relevant information on each side of car modification is discussed.
To give solution for your car modification, Carid.Com provides wide array of auto accessories. There are some selections of rear spoiler, dash kit, tail light and so on. It’s the right time to modify your car in order to have good-looking appearance. There are two options of online purchase: shop by brand or by product. When you need attractive spoilers , it’s suggested to coming to this web. All products presented in here have good quality. For detailed information, you may use live chat or give this web a call.
Some famous brands are available for accessories of this web. Therefore check out each directory encompassing brief description of the product. When you want to make a new identity to your car, this web is the precise place. So, browse this web for some selections of auto accessory.
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To give solution for your car modification, Carid.Com provides wide array of auto accessories. There are some selections of rear spoiler, dash kit, tail light and so on. It’s the right time to modify your car in order to have good-looking appearance. There are two options of online purchase: shop by brand or by product. When you need attractive spoilers , it’s suggested to coming to this web. All products presented in here have good quality. For detailed information, you may use live chat or give this web a call.
Some famous brands are available for accessories of this web. Therefore check out each directory encompassing brief description of the product. When you want to make a new identity to your car, this web is the precise place. So, browse this web for some selections of auto accessory.
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["title"]=>
string(23) "Giving a Call to Action"
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string(333) "The call to action is the most important part of your presentation. This is where your audience understands exactly what you want them to do. It’s where you define yourself as a persuader instead of a presenter. This conclusion should not come as a shock to your audience. Throughout your presentation, you should have gently [...]"
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string(2758) "The call to action is the most important part of your presentation. This is where your audience understands exactly what you want them to do. It’s where you define yourself as a persuader instead of a presenter. This conclusion should not come as a shock to your audience. Throughout your presentation, you should have gently led them to the same conclusion that you are now giving them. You should have already prompted them to want to do what you are about to tell them to do.
Some people hate this part of persuasion because they are asking their prospects to do something. This should really be the best part—the action is the only reason you are giving the presentation in the first place; your audience is going to understand that. If you become tense and uneasy, so will your prospect. The whole presentation should be structured to make the call to action smooth and seamless. In fact, the prospects should not even see or feel your call to action coming.
You should prepare your audience for this conclusion before you even start on the rest of the presentation. Your entire presentation should be built around the call to action. I mean, write out the call to action word for word beforehand. From the outset of your message, you must be eager to get to this point. Be positive and enthusiastic. In your preparation, make sure your conclusion is explicit and that the audience is not left on their own to make sense of and understand your message. You need to tell them what to believe; you draw the conclusion for them. Make the call to action easy for them to follow and simple for them to do. There should be no doubt in your prospects’ minds about exactly what you want them to do.
There is a story of an old man who goes to a dentist because he has a tooth that is killing him. He has been putting it off for months and finally he has to get the tooth taken care of. Once there, the dentist agrees that the tooth needs to come out. The man asks the dentist how much it will cost. The dentist replies that it will be about $250. The old man yelps and yells, ‘‘$250 to pull out a tooth?!!’’ Then he asks how long the procedure will take. He is told it will take about five minutes. ‘‘$250 for five minutes of work? That is highway robbery!’’ the old man protests. ‘‘How can you live with yourself charging people that kind of money?’’ The dentist smiles and says, ‘‘If it’s the time you are worried about, I can take as long as you want.’’
When planning and preparing your call to action, remember that the process does not have to be long and painful. Be short, brief, and to the point.
Taken From : Maximum Influence : The 12 Universal Laws of power Persuasion
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Some people hate this part of persuasion because they are asking their prospects to do something. This should really be the best part—the action is the only reason you are giving the presentation in the first place; your audience is going to understand that. If you become tense and uneasy, so will your prospect. The whole presentation should be structured to make the call to action smooth and seamless. In fact, the prospects should not even see or feel your call to action coming.
You should prepare your audience for this conclusion before you even start on the rest of the presentation. Your entire presentation should be built around the call to action. I mean, write out the call to action word for word beforehand. From the outset of your message, you must be eager to get to this point. Be positive and enthusiastic. In your preparation, make sure your conclusion is explicit and that the audience is not left on their own to make sense of and understand your message. You need to tell them what to believe; you draw the conclusion for them. Make the call to action easy for them to follow and simple for them to do. There should be no doubt in your prospects’ minds about exactly what you want them to do.
There is a story of an old man who goes to a dentist because he has a tooth that is killing him. He has been putting it off for months and finally he has to get the tooth taken care of. Once there, the dentist agrees that the tooth needs to come out. The man asks the dentist how much it will cost. The dentist replies that it will be about $250. The old man yelps and yells, ‘‘$250 to pull out a tooth?!!’’ Then he asks how long the procedure will take. He is told it will take about five minutes. ‘‘$250 for five minutes of work? That is highway robbery!’’ the old man protests. ‘‘How can you live with yourself charging people that kind of money?’’ The dentist smiles and says, ‘‘If it’s the time you are worried about, I can take as long as you want.’’
When planning and preparing your call to action, remember that the process does not have to be long and painful. Be short, brief, and to the point.
Taken From : Maximum Influence : The 12 Universal Laws of power Persuasion
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string(320) "persuasive message is not true persuasion if your audience does not know exactly what they need to do. Be specific and precise. In order to complete the solution to their problem, they must take action. This is the climax, the peak of your logic and emotion. The prescribed actions must be feasible. Make your call [...]"
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string(2134) "persuasive message is not true persuasion if your audience does not know exactly what they need to do. Be specific and precise. In order to complete the solution to their problem, they must take action. This is the climax, the peak of your logic and emotion. The prescribed actions must be feasible. Make your call to action as easy as possible.
Using this type of structure facilitates people’s acceptance of your message and clarifies what you want them to do. We all have a logical side to our mind, which results in our need for order and arrangement. If we don’t sense some sort of structure, we tend to become confused and create our own organizational flow—thus creating our own solution. If you can’t be clear, concise, and orderly, your prospect will find someone else who is.
In order to create a good structure for your argument and to reach your audience, it may be helpful to consider the following set of questions.
Ask yourself these questions in regard to yourself and your message:
What do I want to accomplish?
What will make my message clear to my audience?
What will increase my credibility and trust?
What Laws of Persuasion am I going to use?
What do I want my prospects to do?
Ask yourself these questions in regard to your audience:
Who is listening to my message? (Audience demographics)
What is their initial mindset? (What are they thinking and feeling now?)
When will the call to action work? (What do you want them to do and when do you want them to do it?)
Why should they care? (What is in it for them?)
In what areas of their lives does this affect them? (Health, money, relationships, etc.)
How will they benefit? (What will they gain?)
These questions should help you create effective arguments in each of the key areas: interest, problem, evidence, solution, and action. The remainder of this chapter will present a variety of techniques that will be helpful in structuring your arguments.
Taken From : Maximum Influence : The 12 Universal Laws of power Persuasion
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string(2134) "persuasive message is not true persuasion if your audience does not know exactly what they need to do. Be specific and precise. In order to complete the solution to their problem, they must take action. This is the climax, the peak of your logic and emotion. The prescribed actions must be feasible. Make your call to action as easy as possible.
Using this type of structure facilitates people’s acceptance of your message and clarifies what you want them to do. We all have a logical side to our mind, which results in our need for order and arrangement. If we don’t sense some sort of structure, we tend to become confused and create our own organizational flow—thus creating our own solution. If you can’t be clear, concise, and orderly, your prospect will find someone else who is.
In order to create a good structure for your argument and to reach your audience, it may be helpful to consider the following set of questions.
Ask yourself these questions in regard to yourself and your message:
What do I want to accomplish?
What will make my message clear to my audience?
What will increase my credibility and trust?
What Laws of Persuasion am I going to use?
What do I want my prospects to do?
Ask yourself these questions in regard to your audience:
Who is listening to my message? (Audience demographics)
What is their initial mindset? (What are they thinking and feeling now?)
When will the call to action work? (What do you want them to do and when do you want them to do it?)
Why should they care? (What is in it for them?)
In what areas of their lives does this affect them? (Health, money, relationships, etc.)
How will they benefit? (What will they gain?)
These questions should help you create effective arguments in each of the key areas: interest, problem, evidence, solution, and action. The remainder of this chapter will present a variety of techniques that will be helpful in structuring your arguments.
Taken From : Maximum Influence : The 12 Universal Laws of power Persuasion
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["title"]=>
string(15) "Create Interest"
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string(306) "You have to generate an interest about your chosen topic. Your audience needs a reason to listen: Why should they care? What’s in it for them? How can you help them? A message that starts with a really good reason to listen will grab the attention of the audience, enabling you to continue with the [...]"
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string(1630) "You have to generate an interest about your chosen topic. Your audience needs a reason to listen: Why should they care? What’s in it for them? How can you help them? A message that starts with a really good reason to listen will grab the attention of the audience, enabling you to continue with the message. Without this attention, there is no hope of getting your message across.
2. State the Problem
You must clearly define the problem you are trying to solve. The best pattern for a persuasive speech is to find a problem and relate how it affects the audience. In this way, you show them a problem they have and why it is of concern to them. Why is this a problem to your audience? How does this problem affect them?
3. Offer Evidence
This is the support you give to your argument. Evidence validates your claims and offers proof that your argument is right. It allows your audience to rely on other sources besides you. Evidence can include examples, statistics, stories, testimonies, analogies, and any other supporting material used to enhance the integrity and congruency of your message.
4. Present a Solution
You have gained your audience’s interest and provided evidence in support of your message; now you must solve their problem. You present the argument you want them to believe and satisfy the need you have identified or created. You have created dissonance and now you are providing the solution. How can your product meet their needs and wants and help them achieve their goals?
Taken From : Maximum Influence : The 12 Universal Laws of power Persuasion
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2. State the Problem
You must clearly define the problem you are trying to solve. The best pattern for a persuasive speech is to find a problem and relate how it affects the audience. In this way, you show them a problem they have and why it is of concern to them. Why is this a problem to your audience? How does this problem affect them?
3. Offer Evidence
This is the support you give to your argument. Evidence validates your claims and offers proof that your argument is right. It allows your audience to rely on other sources besides you. Evidence can include examples, statistics, stories, testimonies, analogies, and any other supporting material used to enhance the integrity and congruency of your message.
4. Present a Solution
You have gained your audience’s interest and provided evidence in support of your message; now you must solve their problem. You present the argument you want them to believe and satisfy the need you have identified or created. You have created dissonance and now you are providing the solution. How can your product meet their needs and wants and help them achieve their goals?
Taken From : Maximum Influence : The 12 Universal Laws of power Persuasion
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["title"]=>
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string(351) "Why should we be concerned with the structure of an argument? Well, persuasive messages have several pieces that must be included. Just as Plato stated that every message should have a structure like an animal (head, body, and feet), so must our arguments follow an understandable pattern.
There are two basic elements to any persuasive message. [...]"
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string(1885) "Why should we be concerned with the structure of an argument? Well, persuasive messages have several pieces that must be included. Just as Plato stated that every message should have a structure like an animal (head, body, and feet), so must our arguments follow an understandable pattern.
There are two basic elements to any persuasive message. These are the substance (arguments, facts, and content) and the form (pattern of arrangement). If you make up the form and pattern of your presentation as it comes into your head, it will be a detriment to long-term persuasion. A confused mind says ‘‘no.’’ If the audience can’t follow your facts or the substance of your message, their brains will not accept your message—there is no clear message to accept.
At one time or another, you have probably been in a classroom where the teacher has completely lost you. You had no idea where the topic was going or where it had been. When this happens, your mind stalls and the learning process stops. Confusion is a state of mind that creates tension. We hate to be confused. When we create this mental confusion as persuaders, we are shooting ourselves in the foot. Most uneducated ‘‘one-note persuaders’’ follow Harry Truman’s advice: ‘‘If you can’t convince ’em, confuse ’em.’’
Before we jump into the meat of this topic, remember as you prepare your persuasive message that you want to focus on one defined issue. You are not there to persuade on ten different points. Stay focused and steer clear of sensitive issues that aren’t on your original agenda. In other words, don’t inadvertently offend your audience on one issue when your focus in on another. The structure of your persuasive message should follow the pattern discussed below
Taken From : Maximum Influence : The 12 Universal Laws of power Persuasion
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string(351) "Why should we be concerned with the structure of an argument? Well, persuasive messages have several pieces that must be included. Just as Plato stated that every message should have a structure like an animal (head, body, and feet), so must our arguments follow an understandable pattern.
There are two basic elements to any persuasive message. [...]"
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string(1885) "Why should we be concerned with the structure of an argument? Well, persuasive messages have several pieces that must be included. Just as Plato stated that every message should have a structure like an animal (head, body, and feet), so must our arguments follow an understandable pattern.
There are two basic elements to any persuasive message. These are the substance (arguments, facts, and content) and the form (pattern of arrangement). If you make up the form and pattern of your presentation as it comes into your head, it will be a detriment to long-term persuasion. A confused mind says ‘‘no.’’ If the audience can’t follow your facts or the substance of your message, their brains will not accept your message—there is no clear message to accept.
At one time or another, you have probably been in a classroom where the teacher has completely lost you. You had no idea where the topic was going or where it had been. When this happens, your mind stalls and the learning process stops. Confusion is a state of mind that creates tension. We hate to be confused. When we create this mental confusion as persuaders, we are shooting ourselves in the foot. Most uneducated ‘‘one-note persuaders’’ follow Harry Truman’s advice: ‘‘If you can’t convince ’em, confuse ’em.’’
Before we jump into the meat of this topic, remember as you prepare your persuasive message that you want to focus on one defined issue. You are not there to persuade on ten different points. Stay focused and steer clear of sensitive issues that aren’t on your original agenda. In other words, don’t inadvertently offend your audience on one issue when your focus in on another. The structure of your persuasive message should follow the pattern discussed below
Taken From : Maximum Influence : The 12 Universal Laws of power Persuasion
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["title"]=>
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string(306) "The more we understand personality directions and personality types, the better we will be able to customize our persuasive presentations. A personality direction is the way we lean most of the time in terms of the way we act and react to most stimuli. We hate to be put in a box and categorized, but [...]"
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string(2766) "The more we understand personality directions and personality types, the better we will be able to customize our persuasive presentations. A personality direction is the way we lean most of the time in terms of the way we act and react to most stimuli. We hate to be put in a box and categorized, but the reality is that (most of the time) we are predictable. Sure, people can never be 100 percent predictable, but you will be amazed at how predictable they actually are as you become a student of human nature.
Each personality direction will dictate how you customize your message. When you analyze personality directions, ask yourself the following questions:
A. Are your audience or prospects mostly logical or emotional?
Logical
Use their heads
Go with what makes sense
Are persuaded by facts, figures, and statistics Rely on past history
Use their five senses
Emotional
Use their heart
Go with what feels right
Are persuaded by emotions
Rely on intuition
Use their ‘‘sixth sense’’
B. Are your audience or prospects introverted or extroverted?
Extroverts
Love to communicate
Are talkative
Involve others
Tend to be public people
Want face-to-face contact
Introverts
Keep feelings inside
Listen more than they talk
Like to work solo
Tend to be private
Use memos and e-mails
C. Are your audience or prospects motivated more by inspiration or desperation?
Desperation
Try to get away from the problem
Are stuck in the past, don’t want to repeat prior mistakes Avoid pain
Want to get away from something
Inspiration
Work towards a solution
See a better future
Are motivated by pleasure
Want to move forward (have a vision)
D. Are your audience or prospects assertive or amiable?
Assertive
Consider results more important than relationships
Make decisions quickly
Want to be in control
Are task-oriented
Don’t waste time
Are independent
Amiable
Consider relationships more important than results
Are friendly and loyal
Like to build relationships
Are great listeners
Avoid contention
Are nonassertive and agreeable
It is important to note that, when it comes to persuasion, personality directions most like our own personality type create a feeling of comfort and safety for us. Styles that differ from our own create tension and defensiveness. Master Persuaders can match all personality directions.
Taken From : Maximum Influence : The 12 Universal Laws of power Persuasion
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Each personality direction will dictate how you customize your message. When you analyze personality directions, ask yourself the following questions:
A. Are your audience or prospects mostly logical or emotional?
Logical
Use their heads
Go with what makes sense
Are persuaded by facts, figures, and statistics Rely on past history
Use their five senses
Emotional
Use their heart
Go with what feels right
Are persuaded by emotions
Rely on intuition
Use their ‘‘sixth sense’’
B. Are your audience or prospects introverted or extroverted?
Extroverts
Love to communicate
Are talkative
Involve others
Tend to be public people
Want face-to-face contact
Introverts
Keep feelings inside
Listen more than they talk
Like to work solo
Tend to be private
Use memos and e-mails
C. Are your audience or prospects motivated more by inspiration or desperation?
Desperation
Try to get away from the problem
Are stuck in the past, don’t want to repeat prior mistakes Avoid pain
Want to get away from something
Inspiration
Work towards a solution
See a better future
Are motivated by pleasure
Want to move forward (have a vision)
D. Are your audience or prospects assertive or amiable?
Assertive
Consider results more important than relationships
Make decisions quickly
Want to be in control
Are task-oriented
Don’t waste time
Are independent
Amiable
Consider relationships more important than results
Are friendly and loyal
Like to build relationships
Are great listeners
Avoid contention
Are nonassertive and agreeable
It is important to note that, when it comes to persuasion, personality directions most like our own personality type create a feeling of comfort and safety for us. Styles that differ from our own create tension and defensiveness. Master Persuaders can match all personality directions.
Taken From : Maximum Influence : The 12 Universal Laws of power Persuasion
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string(342) "Prejudging Speakers on Their Delivery and Personal Appearance. We often judge people by the way they look or speak instead of listening to what they say. Some people are so put off by personal appearance, regional accents, speech defects, and mannerisms that they don’t even try to listen to the message.
Lack of Training. Some people [...]"
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string(2453) "Prejudging Speakers on Their Delivery and Personal Appearance. We often judge people by the way they look or speak instead of listening to what they say. Some people are so put off by personal appearance, regional accents, speech defects, and mannerisms that they don’t even try to listen to the message.
Lack of Training. Some people just honestly and truly don’t know how to listen effectively, even if they want to. If they haven’t ever had any training or guidance in how to listen effectively, they may not be accustomed to or even realize the mental effort or level of involvement really required to do so.
If you know how to listen, you’ll always know what someone is thinking and what they want from you. Listed below are the insider secrets for effective listening. Follow these guidelines, and you’ll always be able to get below the surface of your audience:
Give them your undivided attention. They are the most important people in the world to you at this time—make them feel that way. Don’t get distracted by your surroundings. Stop talking and concentrate on them.
Look them directly in the face while they are talking. Lean forward to indicate interest and concern. Listen calmly like you have all the time in the world.
Show sincere interest in them. There is no need to talk. Just nod your head and agree with verbal sounds like ‘‘uh huh.’’ Don’t interrupt and listen for main points.
Keep the conversation going by asking questions. Prompt more information from them by repeating their phrases.
Use silence to encourage them to talk. You have heard that silence is golden. Being silent encourages your prospects to talk about themselves and reveal truths that will help you in the persuasion process. Pausing for silence shows you are interested in your audience and stimulates interest in the conversation.
Pause before replying or continuing. Wait three to five seconds and reply thoughtfully. Don’t leap in, even if you know the answer. When you pause, it shows the other person you consider what they are saying is valuable.
If you apply your listening skills, you will be able to glean golden nuggets of information from your audience. Because you must adapt your message to the person you are talking to, there is nothing more crucial than listening.
Taken From : Maximum Influence : The 12 Universal Laws of power Persuasion
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string(342) "Prejudging Speakers on Their Delivery and Personal Appearance. We often judge people by the way they look or speak instead of listening to what they say. Some people are so put off by personal appearance, regional accents, speech defects, and mannerisms that they don’t even try to listen to the message.
Lack of Training. Some people [...]"
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string(2453) "Prejudging Speakers on Their Delivery and Personal Appearance. We often judge people by the way they look or speak instead of listening to what they say. Some people are so put off by personal appearance, regional accents, speech defects, and mannerisms that they don’t even try to listen to the message.
Lack of Training. Some people just honestly and truly don’t know how to listen effectively, even if they want to. If they haven’t ever had any training or guidance in how to listen effectively, they may not be accustomed to or even realize the mental effort or level of involvement really required to do so.
If you know how to listen, you’ll always know what someone is thinking and what they want from you. Listed below are the insider secrets for effective listening. Follow these guidelines, and you’ll always be able to get below the surface of your audience:
Give them your undivided attention. They are the most important people in the world to you at this time—make them feel that way. Don’t get distracted by your surroundings. Stop talking and concentrate on them.
Look them directly in the face while they are talking. Lean forward to indicate interest and concern. Listen calmly like you have all the time in the world.
Show sincere interest in them. There is no need to talk. Just nod your head and agree with verbal sounds like ‘‘uh huh.’’ Don’t interrupt and listen for main points.
Keep the conversation going by asking questions. Prompt more information from them by repeating their phrases.
Use silence to encourage them to talk. You have heard that silence is golden. Being silent encourages your prospects to talk about themselves and reveal truths that will help you in the persuasion process. Pausing for silence shows you are interested in your audience and stimulates interest in the conversation.
Pause before replying or continuing. Wait three to five seconds and reply thoughtfully. Don’t leap in, even if you know the answer. When you pause, it shows the other person you consider what they are saying is valuable.
If you apply your listening skills, you will be able to glean golden nuggets of information from your audience. Because you must adapt your message to the person you are talking to, there is nothing more crucial than listening.
Taken From : Maximum Influence : The 12 Universal Laws of power Persuasion
"
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["title"]=>
string(52) "Monitoring Your Listening Skills: Crack the Code (1)"
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string(359) "Fortune 500 companies commonly require listening training, even though many employees think it’s a waste of time. The truth is, poor listening skills account for the majority of communication problems. Dale Carnegie asserted many years ago that listening is one of the most crucial human relations skills. Listening is how we find out people’s code, [...]"
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string(2131) "Fortune 500 companies commonly require listening training, even though many employees think it’s a waste of time. The truth is, poor listening skills account for the majority of communication problems. Dale Carnegie asserted many years ago that listening is one of the most crucial human relations skills. Listening is how we find out people’s code, preferences, desires, wants, and needs. It is how we learn to customize our message to our prospects. Of all the skills one could master, listening is probably the one that will pay you back the most.
Good listening is not just looking at someone and nodding your head in agreement. You have to acknowledge what is being said and let the other person know that you understand. The more you can acknowledge what is being said, the greater ability you have to persuade and influence. Why? Because the person speaking with you will feel important and understood (Law of Esteem). Why is listening so difficult for most of us? Why is it that when two people get together and talk, they both walk away with two completely different views about the conversation?
Top Five Challenges to Listening Effectively
Thinking About Our Response. Instead of thinking about what the other person is saying, we often think about what we personally want to say next or where we want the conversation to lead. We are mentally planning our own agenda and game plan. In effect, we patiently wait our turn to talk but we never have give and take between the two parties.
Not Concentrating. We talk at a rate of 120 to 150 words per minute, but we can think 400 to 800 words per minute. This allows us time to think in between words that are being said. We can pretend to listen while really thinking of something else.
Jumping to Conclusions. Sometimes we assume we know exactly what the other person is going to say next and we begin forming reactions based on those assumptions. We start putting words into the other speaker’s mouth because we are so sure of what they mean
Taken From : Maximum Influence : The 12 Universal Laws of power Persuasion
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string(359) "Fortune 500 companies commonly require listening training, even though many employees think it’s a waste of time. The truth is, poor listening skills account for the majority of communication problems. Dale Carnegie asserted many years ago that listening is one of the most crucial human relations skills. Listening is how we find out people’s code, [...]"
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string(2131) "Fortune 500 companies commonly require listening training, even though many employees think it’s a waste of time. The truth is, poor listening skills account for the majority of communication problems. Dale Carnegie asserted many years ago that listening is one of the most crucial human relations skills. Listening is how we find out people’s code, preferences, desires, wants, and needs. It is how we learn to customize our message to our prospects. Of all the skills one could master, listening is probably the one that will pay you back the most.
Good listening is not just looking at someone and nodding your head in agreement. You have to acknowledge what is being said and let the other person know that you understand. The more you can acknowledge what is being said, the greater ability you have to persuade and influence. Why? Because the person speaking with you will feel important and understood (Law of Esteem). Why is listening so difficult for most of us? Why is it that when two people get together and talk, they both walk away with two completely different views about the conversation?
Top Five Challenges to Listening Effectively
Thinking About Our Response. Instead of thinking about what the other person is saying, we often think about what we personally want to say next or where we want the conversation to lead. We are mentally planning our own agenda and game plan. In effect, we patiently wait our turn to talk but we never have give and take between the two parties.
Not Concentrating. We talk at a rate of 120 to 150 words per minute, but we can think 400 to 800 words per minute. This allows us time to think in between words that are being said. We can pretend to listen while really thinking of something else.
Jumping to Conclusions. Sometimes we assume we know exactly what the other person is going to say next and we begin forming reactions based on those assumptions. We start putting words into the other speaker’s mouth because we are so sure of what they mean
Taken From : Maximum Influence : The 12 Universal Laws of power Persuasion
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array(13) {
["title"]=>
string(22) "The Persuasion Pitfall"
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string(323) "Understand your audience and what laws of persuasion you are going to use on them. There are times and situations where certain persuasive laws or techniques are not appropriate. You cannot treat every person or every audience the same way. If you take persuasion too far, you will run into what I call the Persuasion [...]"
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string(2839) "Understand your audience and what laws of persuasion you are going to use on them. There are times and situations where certain persuasive laws or techniques are not appropriate. You cannot treat every person or every audience the same way. If you take persuasion too far, you will run into what I call the Persuasion Pitfall.
People are persuaded and influenced until they feel cheated, misled, or taken advantage of, and then they never tell you about their feelings or do business with you again.
In sales and marketing, we have a tendency push the envelope a little too hard when trying to persuade others. This could be in a personal one-on-one encounter with a friend or in a visit to the local furniture store. Persuaders who do not possess the ability to read others or who do not have the skills necessary to persuade typically fall victim to the Persuasion Pitfall. They will take persuasion a little too far, using extreme pressure or trying to sell you a product you don’t need or want. Use persuasion, influence, or power the wrong way and people lose all trust in you, never to be persuaded by you again. When over-persuading, you do or say something that sets off silent alarms in you prospects’ minds. It could be a feeling of uneasiness, or a bad feeling toward you, your store, or your product.
This pitfall also includes selling a faulty product. The challenge with this pitfall is that 99 percent of the people in the world will say nothing to you about the defective item or about your over-persuading. They simply will never go into your store again. They will never want to associate with your product. Or, if you are a friend or member of the family, they will never trust or listen to your point of view again. This pitfall is a silent killer because most persuaders don’t even realize the mistake was ever made. The duped person will never come back to the store and will probably tell others not to go back too. You have probably had this happen to you many times, at a car dealership, in retail stores, and on the phone. You have to have a sixth sense in persuasion and know how hard you can push.
We hate to feel manipulated or pressured. We have all been burned or taken advantage of, and when we see signs of such behavior we start to run. Many uneducated persuaders can be offensive, condescending, obnoxious, and insulting. Some people will need to have space, some will have to talk to a spouse, and still others will have to come back later before making a decision. You have to sense and know via knowledge and experience and nonverbal cues how many tools of persuasion you can use without running up against this pitfall. You have to sense your limits before you cross the line.
Taken From : Maximum Influence : The 12 Universal Laws of power Persuasion
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string(323) "Understand your audience and what laws of persuasion you are going to use on them. There are times and situations where certain persuasive laws or techniques are not appropriate. You cannot treat every person or every audience the same way. If you take persuasion too far, you will run into what I call the Persuasion [...]"
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string(2839) "Understand your audience and what laws of persuasion you are going to use on them. There are times and situations where certain persuasive laws or techniques are not appropriate. You cannot treat every person or every audience the same way. If you take persuasion too far, you will run into what I call the Persuasion Pitfall.
People are persuaded and influenced until they feel cheated, misled, or taken advantage of, and then they never tell you about their feelings or do business with you again.
In sales and marketing, we have a tendency push the envelope a little too hard when trying to persuade others. This could be in a personal one-on-one encounter with a friend or in a visit to the local furniture store. Persuaders who do not possess the ability to read others or who do not have the skills necessary to persuade typically fall victim to the Persuasion Pitfall. They will take persuasion a little too far, using extreme pressure or trying to sell you a product you don’t need or want. Use persuasion, influence, or power the wrong way and people lose all trust in you, never to be persuaded by you again. When over-persuading, you do or say something that sets off silent alarms in you prospects’ minds. It could be a feeling of uneasiness, or a bad feeling toward you, your store, or your product.
This pitfall also includes selling a faulty product. The challenge with this pitfall is that 99 percent of the people in the world will say nothing to you about the defective item or about your over-persuading. They simply will never go into your store again. They will never want to associate with your product. Or, if you are a friend or member of the family, they will never trust or listen to your point of view again. This pitfall is a silent killer because most persuaders don’t even realize the mistake was ever made. The duped person will never come back to the store and will probably tell others not to go back too. You have probably had this happen to you many times, at a car dealership, in retail stores, and on the phone. You have to have a sixth sense in persuasion and know how hard you can push.
We hate to feel manipulated or pressured. We have all been burned or taken advantage of, and when we see signs of such behavior we start to run. Many uneducated persuaders can be offensive, condescending, obnoxious, and insulting. Some people will need to have space, some will have to talk to a spouse, and still others will have to come back later before making a decision. You have to sense and know via knowledge and experience and nonverbal cues how many tools of persuasion you can use without running up against this pitfall. You have to sense your limits before you cross the line.
Taken From : Maximum Influence : The 12 Universal Laws of power Persuasion
"
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array(13) {
["title"]=>
string(23) "The Uninformed Audience"
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["pubdate"]=>
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string(434) "An uninformed audience lacks the information they need to be convinced. To persuade them, you should employ the following tactics:
Encourage them to ask questions throughout the presentation.
Keep the facts simple and straightforward.
Find out why they are uninformed.
Use examples and simple statistics.
Quote experts the audience respects.
Stress your credibility, such as degrees, special expertise, and experience.
Make your [...]"
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string(1598) "An uninformed audience lacks the information they need to be convinced. To persuade them, you should employ the following tactics:
Encourage them to ask questions throughout the presentation.
Keep the facts simple and straightforward.
Find out why they are uninformed.
Use examples and simple statistics.
Quote experts the audience respects.
Stress your credibility, such as degrees, special expertise, and experience.
Make your message interesting in order to keep their attention.
Use the Law of Dissonance and the Law of Scarcity.
The Supportive Audience
A supportive audience already agrees with you. You may think that persuading these people is easy, but remember that your goal is to get them to take action, not necessarily to just agree with you. These techniques should be used with a supportive audience:
Increase energy and enthusiasm with inspiration.
Prepare them for future attacks by inoculating them against other arguments.
Get them to take action and to support your cause.
Let them know what needs to be done.
Use testimonials to intensify the commitment.
Use the Law of Esteem and the Law of Expectation.
Most audiences are a mix of all four of these types. Find out the dominant audience type that will be present and tailor your remarks accordingly. Of course, mix in some techniques from the other three areas since your prospects will always be a blend of all four.
Taken From : Maximum Influence : The 12 Universal Laws of power Persuasion
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string(434) "An uninformed audience lacks the information they need to be convinced. To persuade them, you should employ the following tactics:
Encourage them to ask questions throughout the presentation.
Keep the facts simple and straightforward.
Find out why they are uninformed.
Use examples and simple statistics.
Quote experts the audience respects.
Stress your credibility, such as degrees, special expertise, and experience.
Make your [...]"
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string(1598) "An uninformed audience lacks the information they need to be convinced. To persuade them, you should employ the following tactics:
Encourage them to ask questions throughout the presentation.
Keep the facts simple and straightforward.
Find out why they are uninformed.
Use examples and simple statistics.
Quote experts the audience respects.
Stress your credibility, such as degrees, special expertise, and experience.
Make your message interesting in order to keep their attention.
Use the Law of Dissonance and the Law of Scarcity.
The Supportive Audience
A supportive audience already agrees with you. You may think that persuading these people is easy, but remember that your goal is to get them to take action, not necessarily to just agree with you. These techniques should be used with a supportive audience:
Increase energy and enthusiasm with inspiration.
Prepare them for future attacks by inoculating them against other arguments.
Get them to take action and to support your cause.
Let them know what needs to be done.
Use testimonials to intensify the commitment.
Use the Law of Esteem and the Law of Expectation.
Most audiences are a mix of all four of these types. Find out the dominant audience type that will be present and tailor your remarks accordingly. Of course, mix in some techniques from the other three areas since your prospects will always be a blend of all four.
Taken From : Maximum Influence : The 12 Universal Laws of power Persuasion
"
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[15]=>
array(13) {
["title"]=>
string(24) "Alternative Brain Tonics"
["link"]=>
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["pubdate"]=>
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string(371) "Coenzyme Q10 has been proposed as a brain tonic, but there are hardly any systematic studies with this compound. Other natural substances with possible promemory properties include gotu-kola, holly, calamus root, bhringaraj, and haritaki. Some of these traditional medications have been used for hundreds of years, while others are of more recent vintage. There are [...]"
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string(3547) "Coenzyme Q10 has been proposed as a brain tonic, but there are hardly any systematic studies with this compound. Other natural substances with possible promemory properties include gotu-kola, holly, calamus root, bhringaraj, and haritaki. Some of these traditional medications have been used for hundreds of years, while others are of more recent vintage. There are only anecdotal data to support their use as promemory agents.
Alternative Medications: Facts
Among the current alternative medications, only ginkgo biloba has established cognitiveenhancing properties, though its effect is small in magnitude.
You should consider taking 120 mg daily of EGb 761 (ginkgo biloba) as one of the medications in your memory program.
More solid clinical evidence about the promemory properties of ginseng, melatonin, and other alternative agents is needed before they can be recommended for regular use.
Phosphatidylserine (PS) is sold in health food stores. Some consider it to be an alternative medication because it is a naturally occurring substance, while others classify it as a pharmaceutical medication because an Italian drug company conducted the initial research with
this compound. Phosphatidylserine is an important option in the Memory Program, and you will learn about its effects in a later chapter.
CHAPTER 16
Antioxidants
Vitamin E
A few years ago, a visiting speaker at our weekly departmental presentation praised the virtues of vitamin E as a potential treatment for several neurologic and psychiatric disorders, and as a general antiaging therapy. At the end of his talk, Dr. Jack Gorman, one of my colleagues who likes to occupy the front row, rose to his full height of six feet three inches and asked the speaker how much vitamin E he took daily. The speaker turned the question around and asked Jack how much he took daily. Jack immediately replied, “Four hundred international units.”Jack is certainly not alone in this; many physicians, including yours truly, ingest a vitamin E capsule daily. In fact, the average daily dose of vitamin E has likely risen from 400 to 800 international units (IUs) daily among physicians, attesting to their growing faith in the antiaging properties of vitamin E.
Physicians Who Take Vitamin E
Doctors are notoriously bad patients, but they are often ahead of the curve when it comes to preserving their own health, as many are now doing with vitamin E. Remember how common it was for doctors to smoke in the 1950s and 1960s? At that time, many doctors were regular smokers in the United States, with even higher numbers in most other countries. But once the findings emerged on the links between smoking and both lung cancer and heart disease, many doctors quit smoking. Nowadays, barely 10 percent of physicians are regular smokers, the lowest proportion among the major professions. Similarly, while the number of overweight people keeps ballooning in the United States, physicians have reduced their own dietary intake of saturated fats. Physicians have finally become good at following their own advice, and statistics show that on average they live nearly five years longer than the rest of the population, despite constant exposure to infections and
other diseases, long working hours, and high stress levels.
Taken From: The Memory Program How to Prevent Memory Loss
and Enhance Memory Power
"
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string(371) "Coenzyme Q10 has been proposed as a brain tonic, but there are hardly any systematic studies with this compound. Other natural substances with possible promemory properties include gotu-kola, holly, calamus root, bhringaraj, and haritaki. Some of these traditional medications have been used for hundreds of years, while others are of more recent vintage. There are [...]"
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string(3547) "Coenzyme Q10 has been proposed as a brain tonic, but there are hardly any systematic studies with this compound. Other natural substances with possible promemory properties include gotu-kola, holly, calamus root, bhringaraj, and haritaki. Some of these traditional medications have been used for hundreds of years, while others are of more recent vintage. There are only anecdotal data to support their use as promemory agents.
Alternative Medications: Facts
Among the current alternative medications, only ginkgo biloba has established cognitiveenhancing properties, though its effect is small in magnitude.
You should consider taking 120 mg daily of EGb 761 (ginkgo biloba) as one of the medications in your memory program.
More solid clinical evidence about the promemory properties of ginseng, melatonin, and other alternative agents is needed before they can be recommended for regular use.
Phosphatidylserine (PS) is sold in health food stores. Some consider it to be an alternative medication because it is a naturally occurring substance, while others classify it as a pharmaceutical medication because an Italian drug company conducted the initial research with
this compound. Phosphatidylserine is an important option in the Memory Program, and you will learn about its effects in a later chapter.
CHAPTER 16
Antioxidants
Vitamin E
A few years ago, a visiting speaker at our weekly departmental presentation praised the virtues of vitamin E as a potential treatment for several neurologic and psychiatric disorders, and as a general antiaging therapy. At the end of his talk, Dr. Jack Gorman, one of my colleagues who likes to occupy the front row, rose to his full height of six feet three inches and asked the speaker how much vitamin E he took daily. The speaker turned the question around and asked Jack how much he took daily. Jack immediately replied, “Four hundred international units.”Jack is certainly not alone in this; many physicians, including yours truly, ingest a vitamin E capsule daily. In fact, the average daily dose of vitamin E has likely risen from 400 to 800 international units (IUs) daily among physicians, attesting to their growing faith in the antiaging properties of vitamin E.
Physicians Who Take Vitamin E
Doctors are notoriously bad patients, but they are often ahead of the curve when it comes to preserving their own health, as many are now doing with vitamin E. Remember how common it was for doctors to smoke in the 1950s and 1960s? At that time, many doctors were regular smokers in the United States, with even higher numbers in most other countries. But once the findings emerged on the links between smoking and both lung cancer and heart disease, many doctors quit smoking. Nowadays, barely 10 percent of physicians are regular smokers, the lowest proportion among the major professions. Similarly, while the number of overweight people keeps ballooning in the United States, physicians have reduced their own dietary intake of saturated fats. Physicians have finally become good at following their own advice, and statistics show that on average they live nearly five years longer than the rest of the population, despite constant exposure to infections and
other diseases, long working hours, and high stress levels.
Taken From: The Memory Program How to Prevent Memory Loss
and Enhance Memory Power
"
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int(1258518467)
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[16]=>
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["title"]=>
string(64) "Monitoring the Ability to Change: Getting Inside the Closed Mind"
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string(324) "Life is change; persuasion is change. As a Master Persuader, you must be able to create and motivate change. Understanding human nature is knowing that most people will resist change and burrow into their comfort zones. We tend to follow the path of least resistance. However, change is the only thing that can lift us [...]"
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string(3188) "Life is change; persuasion is change. As a Master Persuader, you must be able to create and motivate change. Understanding human nature is knowing that most people will resist change and burrow into their comfort zones. We tend to follow the path of least resistance. However, change is the only thing that can lift us up from where we currently lie. Oliver Wendell Holmes said, ‘‘Man’s mind, stretched to a new idea, never goes back to its original dimensions.’’ We all want to become a better person and to be ‘‘stretched’’ to accomplish more things, but we are stuck in our daily patterns.
As you go through the Pre-Persuasion Checklist, find out how resistant to change your audience is likely to be. Will persuading them be like breaking through a brick wall or a cardboard box? Are they ready to make changes because of their circumstances and surroundings? Are they already trying to change? Some of your prospects will oppose you and blatantly resist your persuasive message. This is great news—this means they are listening and it’s a sign of involvement. If the audience gives no feedback, then they are not involved in your message.
There are three ways people make changes in their life. One is through drastic change. This could be a heart attack, a personal tragedy, or losing a job. These events force people to change their lives. They did not feel a need to change until threatening, life-changing events occurred. The second is through gradual change. This is a process that evolves from events or personal relationships. Gradual change happens over time, so much so that you usually don’t notice that it is happening. The third way people change their lives is through internal change. This can come from inspiration or desperation, but either way, you have consciously decided you are going to make changes in your life.
To get change to stick, you must make sure three things occur, whether within yourself or your audience. First, there must be a long-term, enthusiastic commitment to change. You have to decide there is no other option. The second thing is that you must be willing to pay the price, persisting even when you feel weak. Third, you have to know where the change is taking them. How is this going to affect their lives? What are the end results?
The biggest obstacles to change are lack of motivation, lack of knowledge, and fear. People will not change if they don’t know where that change is taking them. We naturally watch out for our own future and want to prevent harm from reaching us. As a persuader, you need to create a vision for your audience, one that shows them what they will be like in the future. If you can get people to see themselves in the future and witness where that change will take them, they will be more willing to embrace change. Understand that people will resist change unless sufficient reinforcement and tools are provided to assist them. Without having this knowledge, their attitudes won’t change, and if their attitudes won’t change, then their actions won’t change.
Taken From : Maximum Influence : The 12 Universal Laws of power Persuasion
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string(324) "Life is change; persuasion is change. As a Master Persuader, you must be able to create and motivate change. Understanding human nature is knowing that most people will resist change and burrow into their comfort zones. We tend to follow the path of least resistance. However, change is the only thing that can lift us [...]"
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string(3188) "Life is change; persuasion is change. As a Master Persuader, you must be able to create and motivate change. Understanding human nature is knowing that most people will resist change and burrow into their comfort zones. We tend to follow the path of least resistance. However, change is the only thing that can lift us up from where we currently lie. Oliver Wendell Holmes said, ‘‘Man’s mind, stretched to a new idea, never goes back to its original dimensions.’’ We all want to become a better person and to be ‘‘stretched’’ to accomplish more things, but we are stuck in our daily patterns.
As you go through the Pre-Persuasion Checklist, find out how resistant to change your audience is likely to be. Will persuading them be like breaking through a brick wall or a cardboard box? Are they ready to make changes because of their circumstances and surroundings? Are they already trying to change? Some of your prospects will oppose you and blatantly resist your persuasive message. This is great news—this means they are listening and it’s a sign of involvement. If the audience gives no feedback, then they are not involved in your message.
There are three ways people make changes in their life. One is through drastic change. This could be a heart attack, a personal tragedy, or losing a job. These events force people to change their lives. They did not feel a need to change until threatening, life-changing events occurred. The second is through gradual change. This is a process that evolves from events or personal relationships. Gradual change happens over time, so much so that you usually don’t notice that it is happening. The third way people change their lives is through internal change. This can come from inspiration or desperation, but either way, you have consciously decided you are going to make changes in your life.
To get change to stick, you must make sure three things occur, whether within yourself or your audience. First, there must be a long-term, enthusiastic commitment to change. You have to decide there is no other option. The second thing is that you must be willing to pay the price, persisting even when you feel weak. Third, you have to know where the change is taking them. How is this going to affect their lives? What are the end results?
The biggest obstacles to change are lack of motivation, lack of knowledge, and fear. People will not change if they don’t know where that change is taking them. We naturally watch out for our own future and want to prevent harm from reaching us. As a persuader, you need to create a vision for your audience, one that shows them what they will be like in the future. If you can get people to see themselves in the future and witness where that change will take them, they will be more willing to embrace change. Understand that people will resist change unless sufficient reinforcement and tools are provided to assist them. Without having this knowledge, their attitudes won’t change, and if their attitudes won’t change, then their actions won’t change.
Taken From : Maximum Influence : The 12 Universal Laws of power Persuasion
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string(49) "Monitoring Mindset: The Mental Game of Persuasion"
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string(369) "Beliefs
Understanding your audience’s beliefs will help you know what approach to take. Beliefs are those things we accept as truth, consciously or subconsciously, proven or unproven. Beliefs come from our environment, our culture, our education, our experience, or even through osmosis from our friends and family. One of the most common sources of our beliefs [...]"
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Understanding your audience’s beliefs will help you know what approach to take. Beliefs are those things we accept as truth, consciously or subconsciously, proven or unproven. Beliefs come from our environment, our culture, our education, our experience, or even through osmosis from our friends and family. One of the most common sources of our beliefs comes from being a part of a group, such as a family or a type of tight-knit community. People often take on the beliefs and rules of the groups to which they belong and then behave in accordance with those beliefs and rules.
Values
A value is more ingrained than a belief because it is more deeply and consciously committed to. A value is typically something that has been very thoroughly contemplated and accepted. It is for this reason that values are much harder to change than beliefs. Usually, a true value will not be changed, not even by wealth, acceptance, or pressure. Be sure when you are in a persuasive situation that your audience doesn’t feel like you’re trying to attack their values. This will only make them feel defensive toward you. As Walt Disney wisely stated, ‘‘When values are clear, decisions are easy.’’
Indifference
People who are indifferent most likely have never even thought about the issue, or they have had no reason to care about it. Indifferent people come across as greatly apathetic because the topic you are presenting is something they’ve never had to cognitively process before. People who are indifferent don’t want to be bothered. These people usually don’t care about you or your message. Often they’re only there because they have to be, or their indifference is just a general lack of interest or boredom in general. An indifferent audience needs attention, empathy, and a reason to care.
Taken From : Maximum Influence : The 12 Universal Laws of power Persuasion
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Understanding your audience’s beliefs will help you know what approach to take. Beliefs are those things we accept as truth, consciously or subconsciously, proven or unproven. Beliefs come from our environment, our culture, our education, our experience, or even through osmosis from our friends and family. One of the most common sources of our beliefs [...]"
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Understanding your audience’s beliefs will help you know what approach to take. Beliefs are those things we accept as truth, consciously or subconsciously, proven or unproven. Beliefs come from our environment, our culture, our education, our experience, or even through osmosis from our friends and family. One of the most common sources of our beliefs comes from being a part of a group, such as a family or a type of tight-knit community. People often take on the beliefs and rules of the groups to which they belong and then behave in accordance with those beliefs and rules.
Values
A value is more ingrained than a belief because it is more deeply and consciously committed to. A value is typically something that has been very thoroughly contemplated and accepted. It is for this reason that values are much harder to change than beliefs. Usually, a true value will not be changed, not even by wealth, acceptance, or pressure. Be sure when you are in a persuasive situation that your audience doesn’t feel like you’re trying to attack their values. This will only make them feel defensive toward you. As Walt Disney wisely stated, ‘‘When values are clear, decisions are easy.’’
Indifference
People who are indifferent most likely have never even thought about the issue, or they have had no reason to care about it. Indifferent people come across as greatly apathetic because the topic you are presenting is something they’ve never had to cognitively process before. People who are indifferent don’t want to be bothered. These people usually don’t care about you or your message. Often they’re only there because they have to be, or their indifference is just a general lack of interest or boredom in general. An indifferent audience needs attention, empathy, and a reason to care.
Taken From : Maximum Influence : The 12 Universal Laws of power Persuasion
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string(83) "Chapter 15: Your Pre-Persuasion Checklist–The Inside Secrets of Maximum Influence"
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string(361) "Overview
Before anything else, getting ready is the secret to success.
—HENRY FORD
To be an effective persuader, you cannot use the same techniques for all people all the time. You have to customize your message to fit the demographics, interests, and values of your audience. This chapter presents what I call the Pre-Persuasion Checklist. It will help [...]"
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Before anything else, getting ready is the secret to success.
—HENRY FORD
To be an effective persuader, you cannot use the same techniques for all people all the time. You have to customize your message to fit the demographics, interests, and values of your audience. This chapter presents what I call the Pre-Persuasion Checklist. It will help you to effectively adapt your persuasive techniques to your target audience. The foundation of the Pre-Persuasion Checklist is rooted in a solid understanding of human psychology, the ways to handle resistance, and the methods of effectively structuring a persuasive argument. This is the knowledge necessary to make the Pre-Persuasion Checklist work in any persuasive situation.
All battles are first won in the mind. You have to be mentally ready to persuade. Prepare yourself by knowing as much about your audience as possible. The persuasion process can be thought of as ‘‘persuasion engineering.’’ You have to draw up the blueprint for your persuasive techniques instead of ‘‘flying by the seat of your pants.’’ It’s like reading the roadmap before you drive. You need to understand where you are going, what route you should take, what the driving conditions will be, etc. Pre-persuasion operates the same way. Just remember the three D’s: discover, design, and deliver:
Discover what your prospects want and need to hear.
Design and structure a winning persuasive argument.
Deliver the message with passion, compassion, and purpose.
We all have our own ‘‘personal code.’’ As a Master Persuader, you must unlock your prospects’ codes. Most of this code is hidden from the untrained eye, so you’ll have to know what to look for. Consider how code is used in designing Web pages. We have all surfed the Internet and seen hundreds, even thousands, of different Web pages. Underlying each page is HTML code. This code makes each page look and act differently. Many pages have hidden code that is difficult to find and understand. Similarly, we each have code that is apparent and some other code that is not apparent. Our code is the sum of our beliefs, experiences, motivations, thoughts, attitudes, values, personality, and soon, that makes us who we are. The key for you as a Master Persuader is to decode the situation or the prospect, so you can know how to most effectively persuade your audience.
Finding and interpreting code comes with knowledge and experience, and the more knowledge and more experience you have, the easier it becomes to find and crack the code.
The following items make up the Pre-Persuasion Checklist:
Beliefs and Values
Change
Acceptance
Listening
Personality Directions
Persuasion Structure and Engineering
Taken From : Maximum Influence : The 12 Universal Laws of power Persuasion
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Before anything else, getting ready is the secret to success.
—HENRY FORD
To be an effective persuader, you cannot use the same techniques for all people all the time. You have to customize your message to fit the demographics, interests, and values of your audience. This chapter presents what I call the Pre-Persuasion Checklist. It will help [...]"
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Before anything else, getting ready is the secret to success.
—HENRY FORD
To be an effective persuader, you cannot use the same techniques for all people all the time. You have to customize your message to fit the demographics, interests, and values of your audience. This chapter presents what I call the Pre-Persuasion Checklist. It will help you to effectively adapt your persuasive techniques to your target audience. The foundation of the Pre-Persuasion Checklist is rooted in a solid understanding of human psychology, the ways to handle resistance, and the methods of effectively structuring a persuasive argument. This is the knowledge necessary to make the Pre-Persuasion Checklist work in any persuasive situation.
All battles are first won in the mind. You have to be mentally ready to persuade. Prepare yourself by knowing as much about your audience as possible. The persuasion process can be thought of as ‘‘persuasion engineering.’’ You have to draw up the blueprint for your persuasive techniques instead of ‘‘flying by the seat of your pants.’’ It’s like reading the roadmap before you drive. You need to understand where you are going, what route you should take, what the driving conditions will be, etc. Pre-persuasion operates the same way. Just remember the three D’s: discover, design, and deliver:
Discover what your prospects want and need to hear.
Design and structure a winning persuasive argument.
Deliver the message with passion, compassion, and purpose.
We all have our own ‘‘personal code.’’ As a Master Persuader, you must unlock your prospects’ codes. Most of this code is hidden from the untrained eye, so you’ll have to know what to look for. Consider how code is used in designing Web pages. We have all surfed the Internet and seen hundreds, even thousands, of different Web pages. Underlying each page is HTML code. This code makes each page look and act differently. Many pages have hidden code that is difficult to find and understand. Similarly, we each have code that is apparent and some other code that is not apparent. Our code is the sum of our beliefs, experiences, motivations, thoughts, attitudes, values, personality, and soon, that makes us who we are. The key for you as a Master Persuader is to decode the situation or the prospect, so you can know how to most effectively persuade your audience.
Finding and interpreting code comes with knowledge and experience, and the more knowledge and more experience you have, the easier it becomes to find and crack the code.
The following items make up the Pre-Persuasion Checklist:
Beliefs and Values
Change
Acceptance
Listening
Personality Directions
Persuasion Structure and Engineering
Taken From : Maximum Influence : The 12 Universal Laws of power Persuasion
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string(368) "Advertisers and marketers use affiliation to evoke valuable associations in the minds of their prospects. They know that babies and puppy dogs automatically carry great associations of warmth and comfort in the minds of their audience. Consequently, we see tire commercials with babies and car commercials with puppies, even though cars and tires aren’t really [...]"
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Want some other examples? Consider some of the popular slogans: ‘‘Like a good neighbor,’’ ‘‘The same as home-style cooking,’’ ‘‘Like a rock,’’ and ‘‘The breakfast of champions.’’ Using slogans in this way, marketers are able to readily create positive feelings and associations without having to create a new image. They simply create even stronger and more positive associations with what already exists.
One of the most common examples of advertising affiliation occurs in the alcohol and cigarette industries. How often do you see a lung cancer patient in a cigarette ad? Instead, advertisers in these industries use young vibrant people who are in the prime of their lives. The beer companies want you to associate drinking beer with having fun and attracting the opposite sex. Their ads portray images of men and women having fun, while surrounded by beer. Their message is, ‘‘If you aren’t drinking, you aren’t having fun.’’ On an intellectual level, we all know that these are just advertisements, but the associations they arouse in us stick in our minds.
When companies need to change their image, they usually find a good cause to latch on to. They will typically find a good social or environmental issue they can tap into. For example, an ice cream company advertises their support for an environmental movement, or yogurt companies start a campaign to stop breast cancer. You also see patriotic endorsements being employed to create a positive association in your mind. The simple sight of the American flag, or the phrases ‘‘Buy American’’ and ‘‘Made in America,’’ can trigger instant positive associations.
In the 1970s, the big American car still dominated the U.S. automobile scene. American carmakers had no fear of imported automobiles. There was a tradition in most families to always buy the same make of car. Imports were associated with being cheap, unreliable, and a waste of money. When the baby boomers came along, however, they became better educated and they refused to blindly follow the guidelines laid out by their parents. They viewed imports as having better gas mileage, greater reliability, and lower prices. During the oil crisis of the 1970s, the negative association shifted suddenly from foreign cars to gas-guzzling American-made cars, and the rest is history. American carmakers were almost put out of business by this shift, and they, still to this day, lose big market share to imported cars. As the tide turned, American car companies had to learn to make new associations with their cars.
Taken From : Maximum Influence : The 12 Universal Laws of power Persuasion
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Want some other examples? Consider some of the popular slogans: ‘‘Like a good neighbor,’’ ‘‘The same as home-style cooking,’’ ‘‘Like a rock,’’ and ‘‘The breakfast of champions.’’ Using slogans in this way, marketers are able to readily create positive feelings and associations without having to create a new image. They simply create even stronger and more positive associations with what already exists.
One of the most common examples of advertising affiliation occurs in the alcohol and cigarette industries. How often do you see a lung cancer patient in a cigarette ad? Instead, advertisers in these industries use young vibrant people who are in the prime of their lives. The beer companies want you to associate drinking beer with having fun and attracting the opposite sex. Their ads portray images of men and women having fun, while surrounded by beer. Their message is, ‘‘If you aren’t drinking, you aren’t having fun.’’ On an intellectual level, we all know that these are just advertisements, but the associations they arouse in us stick in our minds.
When companies need to change their image, they usually find a good cause to latch on to. They will typically find a good social or environmental issue they can tap into. For example, an ice cream company advertises their support for an environmental movement, or yogurt companies start a campaign to stop breast cancer. You also see patriotic endorsements being employed to create a positive association in your mind. The simple sight of the American flag, or the phrases ‘‘Buy American’’ and ‘‘Made in America,’’ can trigger instant positive associations.
In the 1970s, the big American car still dominated the U.S. automobile scene. American carmakers had no fear of imported automobiles. There was a tradition in most families to always buy the same make of car. Imports were associated with being cheap, unreliable, and a waste of money. When the baby boomers came along, however, they became better educated and they refused to blindly follow the guidelines laid out by their parents. They viewed imports as having better gas mileage, greater reliability, and lower prices. During the oil crisis of the 1970s, the negative association shifted suddenly from foreign cars to gas-guzzling American-made cars, and the rest is history. American carmakers were almost put out of business by this shift, and they, still to this day, lose big market share to imported cars. As the tide turned, American car companies had to learn to make new associations with their cars.
Taken From : Maximum Influence : The 12 Universal Laws of power Persuasion
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string(318) "Anger is a secondary emotion. A prospect’s anger is usually an indicator that something else is askew and/or that he needs and wants attention. You can assist in diminishing his anger by determining the key issue he is upset about. It is also often effective to ask for his help, opinions, or advice. This will [...]"
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Sympathy and Compassion
You can generate action for your cause by creating sympathy for it. When we see others victimized by misfortune that was beyond their control, we feel more sympathetic toward them and more motivated to help them. You’ve probably seen this technique used by marketers when they show you pictures of starving children, battered women, abandoned animals, and disabled adults.
Jealousy
Jealousy is the pain caused by seeing others’ good fortune, not because we want what they have, but because we resent them for having it. The cause of jealousy is the false perception that one’s worth lies in the possession of those goods.
Shame
Shame is pain and disrespect felt in connection to regrettable behaviors, experiences, or events. It often involves disgrace or loss of respect for oneself because we feel we have fallen in the eyes of our family, friends, or loved ones. We feel shame because of our vices, our abuses, or any of our perceived failures.
Taken From : Maximum Influence : The 12 Universal Laws of power Persuasion
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Sympathy and Compassion
You can generate action for your cause by creating sympathy for it. When we see others victimized by misfortune that was beyond their control, we feel more sympathetic toward them and more motivated to help them. You’ve probably seen this technique used by marketers when they show you pictures of starving children, battered women, abandoned animals, and disabled adults.
Jealousy
Jealousy is the pain caused by seeing others’ good fortune, not because we want what they have, but because we resent them for having it. The cause of jealousy is the false perception that one’s worth lies in the possession of those goods.
Shame
Shame is pain and disrespect felt in connection to regrettable behaviors, experiences, or events. It often involves disgrace or loss of respect for oneself because we feel we have fallen in the eyes of our family, friends, or loved ones. We feel shame because of our vices, our abuses, or any of our perceived failures.
Taken From : Maximum Influence : The 12 Universal Laws of power Persuasion
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string(387) "Melatonin for Sleep
Melatonin release from the pineal gland has a predictable twenty-four-hour cycle: an increase in the evening is associated with drowsiness and sleep, and a decrease in the morning leads to wakefulness. Melatonin production from the pineal gland declines steadily with age, and this produces disruption of internal clocks and rhythms, particularly the sleep-wake [...]"
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string(2259) "Melatonin for Sleep
Melatonin release from the pineal gland has a predictable twenty-four-hour cycle: an increase in the evening is associated with drowsiness and sleep, and a decrease in the morning leads to wakefulness. Melatonin production from the pineal gland declines steadily with age, and this produces disruption of internal clocks and rhythms, particularly the sleep-wake cycle.
Melatonin is a good hypnotic, particularly for jet lag. I know a couple of physicians who work for the pharmaceutical industry, and they fly an average of once a week between Europe and the United States. They are quite happy with
melatonin’s effects in giving them a good six hours of sleep on the flight, and feel that it is a good antidote for jet lag. Melatonin doses of 0.5 to 3 mg are usually sufficient to induce sleep.
Melatonin for Memory Loss
Melatonin is an antioxidant, a superb scavenger of free radicals. Melatonin boosts its own antioxidant effect by promoting the activity of glutathione peroxidase, an enzyme that is also an antioxidant. Relatively high doses— 3 to 20 mg daily— are taken for its antioxidant, and possible promemory, effects. Even in this higher dose range, it has few side effects. At doses above 100 mg daily, melatonin can do a reverse flip and cause insomnia and depression.
There have been many tall claims about the use of melatonin for a wide range of maladies, based primarily on results from animal studies. Clinical studies have focused on its sedative action, not its effects on memory. Its antioxidant activity suggests potential promemory effects. The lack of wellcontrolled studies using melatonin to treat mild memory loss or dementia, let alone to prevent memory loss, makes it difficult for me to recommend melatonin as a promemory agent. Also, I wonder if the anecdotal reports of melatonin’s positive effects on memory are related to its property of inducing restful sleep and thus indirectly boosting daytime cognitive performance, rather than a direct memory-enhancing effect.
Taken From: The Memory Program How to Prevent Memory Loss
and Enhance Memory Power
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string(387) "Melatonin for Sleep
Melatonin release from the pineal gland has a predictable twenty-four-hour cycle: an increase in the evening is associated with drowsiness and sleep, and a decrease in the morning leads to wakefulness. Melatonin production from the pineal gland declines steadily with age, and this produces disruption of internal clocks and rhythms, particularly the sleep-wake [...]"
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string(2259) "Melatonin for Sleep
Melatonin release from the pineal gland has a predictable twenty-four-hour cycle: an increase in the evening is associated with drowsiness and sleep, and a decrease in the morning leads to wakefulness. Melatonin production from the pineal gland declines steadily with age, and this produces disruption of internal clocks and rhythms, particularly the sleep-wake cycle.
Melatonin is a good hypnotic, particularly for jet lag. I know a couple of physicians who work for the pharmaceutical industry, and they fly an average of once a week between Europe and the United States. They are quite happy with
melatonin’s effects in giving them a good six hours of sleep on the flight, and feel that it is a good antidote for jet lag. Melatonin doses of 0.5 to 3 mg are usually sufficient to induce sleep.
Melatonin for Memory Loss
Melatonin is an antioxidant, a superb scavenger of free radicals. Melatonin boosts its own antioxidant effect by promoting the activity of glutathione peroxidase, an enzyme that is also an antioxidant. Relatively high doses— 3 to 20 mg daily— are taken for its antioxidant, and possible promemory, effects. Even in this higher dose range, it has few side effects. At doses above 100 mg daily, melatonin can do a reverse flip and cause insomnia and depression.
There have been many tall claims about the use of melatonin for a wide range of maladies, based primarily on results from animal studies. Clinical studies have focused on its sedative action, not its effects on memory. Its antioxidant activity suggests potential promemory effects. The lack of wellcontrolled studies using melatonin to treat mild memory loss or dementia, let alone to prevent memory loss, makes it difficult for me to recommend melatonin as a promemory agent. Also, I wonder if the anecdotal reports of melatonin’s positive effects on memory are related to its property of inducing restful sleep and thus indirectly boosting daytime cognitive performance, rather than a direct memory-enhancing effect.
Taken From: The Memory Program How to Prevent Memory Loss
and Enhance Memory Power
"
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["title"]=>
string(45) "Electronic Cigarette, a Lower Price for Smoke"
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string(283) "If you are people who love to smoke a good quality of cigarette, but you are having trouble in the way of find the good quality and the reachable price to fulfill what you want, don’t be sad because there is a way that could fulfill what you want with a lower budget that you [...]"
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You always dream to be able to taste the great cigarette every day, but your financial condition doesn’t allowed you to have it. Here in e cigarette choice, you can make your dream come true. They provide their customer with e cigarette ; cigarette which can be refill, doesn’t produce smoke and taste like the real good quality of cigarette. If you think it will not give you the real taste of cigarette, you take it wrong. The same appearance of cigarette and the great taste of cigarette will make you addicted to taste them all over again. Not only that they also provide you with starter kit bundles cigarettes, e cigarette batteries and also charger. With your budget, you can buy their products without need to worry that you will spend lots of money to buy it like when you buy the expensive cigarette.
Feels how good the e cigarette quality by buying their product right way at ecigaretteschoice.com. You can taste the great taste of cigarette without worry you have no money left after you bought it.
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string(283) "If you are people who love to smoke a good quality of cigarette, but you are having trouble in the way of find the good quality and the reachable price to fulfill what you want, don’t be sad because there is a way that could fulfill what you want with a lower budget that you [...]"
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string(1536) "If you are people who love to smoke a good quality of cigarette, but you are having trouble in the way of find the good quality and the reachable price to fulfill what you want, don’t be sad because there is a way that could fulfill what you want with a lower budget that you think ever.
You always dream to be able to taste the great cigarette every day, but your financial condition doesn’t allowed you to have it. Here in e cigarette choice, you can make your dream come true. They provide their customer with e cigarette ; cigarette which can be refill, doesn’t produce smoke and taste like the real good quality of cigarette. If you think it will not give you the real taste of cigarette, you take it wrong. The same appearance of cigarette and the great taste of cigarette will make you addicted to taste them all over again. Not only that they also provide you with starter kit bundles cigarettes, e cigarette batteries and also charger. With your budget, you can buy their products without need to worry that you will spend lots of money to buy it like when you buy the expensive cigarette.
Feels how good the e cigarette quality by buying their product right way at ecigaretteschoice.com. You can taste the great taste of cigarette without worry you have no money left after you bought it.
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["title"]=>
string(34) "Emotion: Winning People’s Hearts"
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string(336) "Whereas logic is the language of the conscious mind, emotion is the language of the unconscious mind. We know that emotions are reactions to perceived and imagined stimuli, not based on logic, but on one’s own personal experiences. Emotions often outweigh our logic. Imagine placing a plank of wood on the ground and walking its [...]"
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string(3456) "Whereas logic is the language of the conscious mind, emotion is the language of the unconscious mind. We know that emotions are reactions to perceived and imagined stimuli, not based on logic, but on one’s own personal experiences. Emotions often outweigh our logic. Imagine placing a plank of wood on the ground and walking its length a few times. Easy enough, right? But suppose you placed it a hundred feet in the air between two buildings. You know you can walk that plank—you just did it over and over again. Yet now, emotions and fears outweigh logic. Your ‘‘what-ifs’’ and your imagination supersede the concrete knowledge of your ability to walk the plank.
In his book Emotional Intelligence, Daniel Goleman asserts that understanding emotions is more pertinent to leading a successful life than having a high intelligence. Often people of high IQ struggle at work because of their weaknesses in fundamental human relation skills. Goleman calls this skill ‘‘emotional intelligence.’’ He emphasizes that emotional intelligence largely determines our success in relationships, work, and even physical wellness. Emotional intelligence ‘‘is a type of social intelligence that involves the ability to monitor one’s own and others’ emotions, to discriminate among them, and to use the information to guide one’s thinking and actions.’’[7 ]Emotional intelligence includes emotional management, personal motivation, empathy, self-awareness, and social skills.
When you are persuading someone, emotions provide the springboard for a successful execution of your argument. In fact, I would even say emotions are the energy and very fuel of the persuasion process. Without tapping into your audience’s emotions, there is no strength or energy in your message. Emotion is a power you can harness and use in practically every aspect of persuasion. Remember, logic is important, but emotion helps you catapult an otherwise dull or flat exchange to the next level.
Consider the following advantages of emotion over logic:
Arousing the emotions of your audience engages your listeners and distracts them from your intention to influence and persuade.
Emotion requires less effort than logic. Logic solicits cognitive effort, whereas emotion is automatic.
Presentations aimed at engaging the audience’s emotions are usually more interesting than logical ones.
Emotion-based arguments are often easier to recall than logic-based arguments.
Emotion almost always leads more quickly to change than logic does.[8]
You must know when to create positive or negative emotions and when to dispel negative emotions. You have to find ways to tap into your prospects’ emotions, such as hope, love, pride, gratitude, and excitement. If you can do this, you can inspire anyone. Decide ahead of time what emotional climate you want to create, capture those emotions within yourself, and you’ll be surprised how you can transfer those emotions to your audience.
[7 ]P. Salovey and J. D. Mayer, ‘‘Emotional Intelligence: Imagination, Cognition, and Personality,’’ reprinted in Human Emotions, J. M. Jenkins, K. Oatley, and N. L. Stein, editors (Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 1998), pp. 313–319.
[8]Tellis, Advertising and Sales Promotion Strategy, pp. 160–161.
Taken From : Maximum Influence : The 12 Universal Laws of power Persuasion
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string(336) "Whereas logic is the language of the conscious mind, emotion is the language of the unconscious mind. We know that emotions are reactions to perceived and imagined stimuli, not based on logic, but on one’s own personal experiences. Emotions often outweigh our logic. Imagine placing a plank of wood on the ground and walking its [...]"
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In his book Emotional Intelligence, Daniel Goleman asserts that understanding emotions is more pertinent to leading a successful life than having a high intelligence. Often people of high IQ struggle at work because of their weaknesses in fundamental human relation skills. Goleman calls this skill ‘‘emotional intelligence.’’ He emphasizes that emotional intelligence largely determines our success in relationships, work, and even physical wellness. Emotional intelligence ‘‘is a type of social intelligence that involves the ability to monitor one’s own and others’ emotions, to discriminate among them, and to use the information to guide one’s thinking and actions.’’[7 ]Emotional intelligence includes emotional management, personal motivation, empathy, self-awareness, and social skills.
When you are persuading someone, emotions provide the springboard for a successful execution of your argument. In fact, I would even say emotions are the energy and very fuel of the persuasion process. Without tapping into your audience’s emotions, there is no strength or energy in your message. Emotion is a power you can harness and use in practically every aspect of persuasion. Remember, logic is important, but emotion helps you catapult an otherwise dull or flat exchange to the next level.
Consider the following advantages of emotion over logic:
Arousing the emotions of your audience engages your listeners and distracts them from your intention to influence and persuade.
Emotion requires less effort than logic. Logic solicits cognitive effort, whereas emotion is automatic.
Presentations aimed at engaging the audience’s emotions are usually more interesting than logical ones.
Emotion-based arguments are often easier to recall than logic-based arguments.
Emotion almost always leads more quickly to change than logic does.[8]
You must know when to create positive or negative emotions and when to dispel negative emotions. You have to find ways to tap into your prospects’ emotions, such as hope, love, pride, gratitude, and excitement. If you can do this, you can inspire anyone. Decide ahead of time what emotional climate you want to create, capture those emotions within yourself, and you’ll be surprised how you can transfer those emotions to your audience.
[7 ]P. Salovey and J. D. Mayer, ‘‘Emotional Intelligence: Imagination, Cognition, and Personality,’’ reprinted in Human Emotions, J. M. Jenkins, K. Oatley, and N. L. Stein, editors (Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 1998), pp. 313–319.
[8]Tellis, Advertising and Sales Promotion Strategy, pp. 160–161.
Taken From : Maximum Influence : The 12 Universal Laws of power Persuasion
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string(350) "Spend the time necessary to fully research the types of evidence you want to use to strengthen your arguments. You already know that using the right evidence from the right sources greatly increases the credibility of your message. However, the opposite is also true; poor or irrelevant evidence undermines the credibility of your message. When [...]"
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string(2646) "Spend the time necessary to fully research the types of evidence you want to use to strengthen your arguments. You already know that using the right evidence from the right sources greatly increases the credibility of your message. However, the opposite is also true; poor or irrelevant evidence undermines the credibility of your message. When compiling evidence, consider the following:
Use evidence supported by an independent expert rather than facts presented alone.
Statistical evidence will be more persuasive when paired with individual case studies.
Document the sources of all testimonials.
Use new information. Updated data with new facts or research is often more convincing than old data.
Use evidence consistent with your audience’s beliefs. It will be more persuasive because they’ll evaluate everything from their own perspectives and attitudes.
Build credibility by also acknowledging and even including the other side of the argument. A two-way discussion will bear far more weight than a one-sided lecture.[5]
Evidence works best when it is suited to the audience and their experience. Consider the following presentation points:[6]
Referring to evidence as fact increases its weight.
Evidence that is verifiable will always be more persuasive.
Evidence that is specific will always be more persuasive.
Unbiased testimony is more persuasive than a biased one.
Personal experience is more persuasive than not having any personal experience.
Presenters who have not yet established their credibility will benefit more from the use of evidence than those with established credibility.
Evidence is especially important when the audience is unfamiliar with the topic.
Factual evidence is particularly persuasive when the audience consists of highly intelligent people.
Evidence is more persuasive when you provide not only the sources, but also their qualifications.
Evidence is more persuasive when you confirm an audience’s beliefs.
[3]Gerard Tellis, Advertising and Sales Promotion Strategy (Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley, 1998), p. 138.
[4]George Miller, ‘‘The Magical Number of Seven,’’ Psychological Review 63, 2 (1956).
[5]Charles Larson, Persuasion (Belmont, Calif.: Wadsworth,1995), pp. 222– 225.
[6]J. C. McCroskey, ‘‘A Summary of Experimental Research on the Effects of Evidence in Persuasive Communication,’’ Quarterly Journal of Speech 55 (1969): 169–176.
Taken From : Maximum Influence : The 12 Universal Laws of power Persuasion
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string(350) "Spend the time necessary to fully research the types of evidence you want to use to strengthen your arguments. You already know that using the right evidence from the right sources greatly increases the credibility of your message. However, the opposite is also true; poor or irrelevant evidence undermines the credibility of your message. When [...]"
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string(2646) "Spend the time necessary to fully research the types of evidence you want to use to strengthen your arguments. You already know that using the right evidence from the right sources greatly increases the credibility of your message. However, the opposite is also true; poor or irrelevant evidence undermines the credibility of your message. When compiling evidence, consider the following:
Use evidence supported by an independent expert rather than facts presented alone.
Statistical evidence will be more persuasive when paired with individual case studies.
Document the sources of all testimonials.
Use new information. Updated data with new facts or research is often more convincing than old data.
Use evidence consistent with your audience’s beliefs. It will be more persuasive because they’ll evaluate everything from their own perspectives and attitudes.
Build credibility by also acknowledging and even including the other side of the argument. A two-way discussion will bear far more weight than a one-sided lecture.[5]
Evidence works best when it is suited to the audience and their experience. Consider the following presentation points:[6]
Referring to evidence as fact increases its weight.
Evidence that is verifiable will always be more persuasive.
Evidence that is specific will always be more persuasive.
Unbiased testimony is more persuasive than a biased one.
Personal experience is more persuasive than not having any personal experience.
Presenters who have not yet established their credibility will benefit more from the use of evidence than those with established credibility.
Evidence is especially important when the audience is unfamiliar with the topic.
Factual evidence is particularly persuasive when the audience consists of highly intelligent people.
Evidence is more persuasive when you provide not only the sources, but also their qualifications.
Evidence is more persuasive when you confirm an audience’s beliefs.
[3]Gerard Tellis, Advertising and Sales Promotion Strategy (Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley, 1998), p. 138.
[4]George Miller, ‘‘The Magical Number of Seven,’’ Psychological Review 63, 2 (1956).
[5]Charles Larson, Persuasion (Belmont, Calif.: Wadsworth,1995), pp. 222– 225.
[6]J. C. McCroskey, ‘‘A Summary of Experimental Research on the Effects of Evidence in Persuasive Communication,’’ Quarterly Journal of Speech 55 (1969): 169–176.
Taken From : Maximum Influence : The 12 Universal Laws of power Persuasion
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string(297) "The element of mystery can be effectively employed to involve your audience. We are all naturally curious about the unknown. When we feel we’ve been left hanging, it drives us crazy! We want to know the end of the story. We want our tasks to be completed so we can check them off our list. [...]"
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string(3190) "The element of mystery can be effectively employed to involve your audience. We are all naturally curious about the unknown. When we feel we’ve been left hanging, it drives us crazy! We want to know the end of the story. We want our tasks to be completed so we can check them off our list. This is also known as the ‘‘Zeigarnik Effect,’’ named after Bluma Zeigarnik, a Russian psychologist. This effect is the tendency we have to remember uncompleted thoughts, ideas, or tasks more than completed ones.
We see the Zeigarnik Effect on the television news and other programs. Right before a commercial break, the newscasters announce some interesting tidbit that will come later in the hour. This piques your interest and, rather than flipping the channel, you stay tuned. Movies and dramas on television also leave you hanging in suspense. By leaving something uncompleted right before the commercial break, the programs draw our attention, keep us involved, and motivate us to continue watching. We don’t feel satisfaction until we receive finality, closure, or resolution to the message, our goals, or any aspect of our life.
You also see the Zeigarnik Effect in the courtroom. We already know that people feel more confident and impressed with information they discover for themselves over time. This dictates that persuaders slowly dispel information, rather than dumping large volumes of information all at once. A good lawyer does not disclose everything he knows about the case or the plaintiff during his opening statement. As the trial progresses, the jury can fill in the blanks for themselves with the additional information they gradually receive. This works much better than dumping all the information on them in the beginning. It holds the jurors’ attention longer and gives the message more validity. The jury discovers the answers for themselves, and is more likely to arrive at the desired conclusion.
Distraction has been proven to increase your ability to persuade. On the flip side, if the distraction is disagreeable, your persuasive ability will diminish. This means, depending on the situation, you can persuade better with a distraction than with total concentration. Social psychologists Leon Festinger and Nathan Maccoby proved this theory with their landmark study on what are the best distracters. They discovered that food and sex appeal worked the best.[23]
In another experiment, the two men attempted to persuade college students that fraternities are bad.[24] Their presentation was not well received by the students, so they did the experiment a second time. This time they used a funny silent movie during the presentation. The results were clear. More of the students who were distracted with the silent movie changed their opinions about fraternities. In this study, distracting the conscious mind increased the persuasiveness of the message.
[23]L. A. Festinger and N. Maccoby, ‘‘On Resistance to Persuasive Communication,’’ Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 68 (1964): 359–366.
[24]Ibid.
Taken From : Maximum Influence : The 12 Universal Laws of power Persuasion
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We see the Zeigarnik Effect on the television news and other programs. Right before a commercial break, the newscasters announce some interesting tidbit that will come later in the hour. This piques your interest and, rather than flipping the channel, you stay tuned. Movies and dramas on television also leave you hanging in suspense. By leaving something uncompleted right before the commercial break, the programs draw our attention, keep us involved, and motivate us to continue watching. We don’t feel satisfaction until we receive finality, closure, or resolution to the message, our goals, or any aspect of our life.
You also see the Zeigarnik Effect in the courtroom. We already know that people feel more confident and impressed with information they discover for themselves over time. This dictates that persuaders slowly dispel information, rather than dumping large volumes of information all at once. A good lawyer does not disclose everything he knows about the case or the plaintiff during his opening statement. As the trial progresses, the jury can fill in the blanks for themselves with the additional information they gradually receive. This works much better than dumping all the information on them in the beginning. It holds the jurors’ attention longer and gives the message more validity. The jury discovers the answers for themselves, and is more likely to arrive at the desired conclusion.
Distraction has been proven to increase your ability to persuade. On the flip side, if the distraction is disagreeable, your persuasive ability will diminish. This means, depending on the situation, you can persuade better with a distraction than with total concentration. Social psychologists Leon Festinger and Nathan Maccoby proved this theory with their landmark study on what are the best distracters. They discovered that food and sex appeal worked the best.[23]
In another experiment, the two men attempted to persuade college students that fraternities are bad.[24] Their presentation was not well received by the students, so they did the experiment a second time. This time they used a funny silent movie during the presentation. The results were clear. More of the students who were distracted with the silent movie changed their opinions about fraternities. In this study, distracting the conscious mind increased the persuasiveness of the message.
[23]L. A. Festinger and N. Maccoby, ‘‘On Resistance to Persuasive Communication,’’ Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 68 (1964): 359–366.
[24]Ibid.
Taken From : Maximum Influence : The 12 Universal Laws of power Persuasion
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string(372) "Reasoning is a powerful tool for the mind, but strong, concrete evidence should be the cornerstone of a logical speech. Evidence not only makes an argument ring true in persuasive situations, but it also substantially enhances your credibility. There are four major types of evidence: testimony, statistics, analogies, and examples. You will strengthen your position [...]"
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Testimony
Your audience wants to know what the experts say about you or your topic. Testimony is the judgment or opinions of others considered experts in the particular field or area of interest. A testimony can be a quote, an interview, or an endorsement from a credible person. It can be implied with someone’s presence (attending your event), picture (on your product), or signature (on your product).
Statistics
Statistics are numerical proofs of your claims. For example, ‘‘this demographic uses . . .’’ or ‘‘four out of five dentists recommend. . . .’’ Using graphs and charts makes statistics more memorable and leaves a greater impression on the listener.
Some people are suspicious of statistical proof, so make sure your statistics are credible and sound. Know where you got them and who did the research. People know you can arrange statistics to say just about anything. Use statistics sparingly and only in conjunction with other forms of evidence. Besides, a roll of statistics can be very boring.
Analogies
Analogies have a great impact in the mind of the receiver. They enable you to make your points quickly and easily in a way that prospects will understand immediately. (‘‘Installing our new home security system is like having a police officer standing guard on your front porch twenty-four hours a day.’’) Analogies allow you to present a new and foreign idea and compare it with something similar that your prospects can relate to in their own lives. Analogies can also give us a new perspective on an old concept.
Examples
Examples can really make your evidence come alive. We love to relate to examples that bridge the gap between logic and our personal lives. Your prospects understand examples at a deeper level because they are based on common experiences and interpretations of meaning. Examples can be real or hypothetical and can include quotations, personal accounts, physical evidence, empirical studies, or published reports.
Taken From : Maximum Influence : The 12 Universal Laws of power Persuasion
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string(372) "Reasoning is a powerful tool for the mind, but strong, concrete evidence should be the cornerstone of a logical speech. Evidence not only makes an argument ring true in persuasive situations, but it also substantially enhances your credibility. There are four major types of evidence: testimony, statistics, analogies, and examples. You will strengthen your position [...]"
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string(2676) "Reasoning is a powerful tool for the mind, but strong, concrete evidence should be the cornerstone of a logical speech. Evidence not only makes an argument ring true in persuasive situations, but it also substantially enhances your credibility. There are four major types of evidence: testimony, statistics, analogies, and examples. You will strengthen your position when you use elements of all four forms, rather than depending on only one. When you provide proof in this manner, you remove doubts that may linger in your audience’s mind.
Testimony
Your audience wants to know what the experts say about you or your topic. Testimony is the judgment or opinions of others considered experts in the particular field or area of interest. A testimony can be a quote, an interview, or an endorsement from a credible person. It can be implied with someone’s presence (attending your event), picture (on your product), or signature (on your product).
Statistics
Statistics are numerical proofs of your claims. For example, ‘‘this demographic uses . . .’’ or ‘‘four out of five dentists recommend. . . .’’ Using graphs and charts makes statistics more memorable and leaves a greater impression on the listener.
Some people are suspicious of statistical proof, so make sure your statistics are credible and sound. Know where you got them and who did the research. People know you can arrange statistics to say just about anything. Use statistics sparingly and only in conjunction with other forms of evidence. Besides, a roll of statistics can be very boring.
Analogies
Analogies have a great impact in the mind of the receiver. They enable you to make your points quickly and easily in a way that prospects will understand immediately. (‘‘Installing our new home security system is like having a police officer standing guard on your front porch twenty-four hours a day.’’) Analogies allow you to present a new and foreign idea and compare it with something similar that your prospects can relate to in their own lives. Analogies can also give us a new perspective on an old concept.
Examples
Examples can really make your evidence come alive. We love to relate to examples that bridge the gap between logic and our personal lives. Your prospects understand examples at a deeper level because they are based on common experiences and interpretations of meaning. Examples can be real or hypothetical and can include quotations, personal accounts, physical evidence, empirical studies, or published reports.
Taken From : Maximum Influence : The 12 Universal Laws of power Persuasion
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string(345) "Faulty Cause: assumes that because one thing follows another, the second thing was definitively caused by the first—also known as the post hoc, ergo propter hoc fallacy. Example: Shawn broke his mother’s mirror, and sure enough, he was in a car wreck the next week.
Sweeping Generalization: assumes that what is true in most cases must [...]"
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Sweeping Generalization: assumes that what is true in most cases must be true in all cases. Example: We can’t hire this candidate because he’s an ex-felon, and studies show that most ex-felons experience relapses.
Hasty Generalization: assumes that a small piece of information is soundly representative of the whole situation. Example: I don’t like Thai food at all. The food I tried at this one Thai restaurant just was terrible and I was sick for days.
Faulty Analogy: assumes that if two things are alike in some ways, they must be alike in all ways. Example: Britney Spears and Christina Aguilera dress the same and sing the same type of music, so they must have very similar personalities.
Faulty Sign: assumes that one event is a reliable predictor of another. Example: That guy is wearing a big Starter jacket, has a tattoo, and wears baggy pants. He’s probably a gang member.
Tautology: defines an argument in a manner that makes it impossible to disprove. Example: You are a disagreeable person and, if you disagree with me, it will just prove even more how disagreeable you are.
Appeal to Authority: justifies an argument by citing a famous or popular person who also supports the argument. Example: Those shoes are great for Michael Jordan, so they’ll be great for me.
Slippery Slope: assumes that a particular step invariably leads to similar steps, culminating with a negative outcome. Example: If I let one student hand in their paper late, then I’ll have to let others hand theirs in late, too, and before you know it, everyone will be begging for an extension.
Red Herring: attempts to divert attention away from the real issue. Example: When accused by his wife of cheating at cards, Frank says, ‘‘Nothing I do ever pleases you. I spent a whole week cleaning out the garage, and then all you did was complain about how I’d reorganized it.’’
Appeal to Ignorance: uses a person’s inability to disprove a claim as proof that the claim is right. Example: We know there are people living on other planets in other galaxies because no one can prove that there are not.
Taken From : Maximum Influence : The 12 Universal Laws of power Persuasion
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string(345) "Faulty Cause: assumes that because one thing follows another, the second thing was definitively caused by the first—also known as the post hoc, ergo propter hoc fallacy. Example: Shawn broke his mother’s mirror, and sure enough, he was in a car wreck the next week.
Sweeping Generalization: assumes that what is true in most cases must [...]"
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Sweeping Generalization: assumes that what is true in most cases must be true in all cases. Example: We can’t hire this candidate because he’s an ex-felon, and studies show that most ex-felons experience relapses.
Hasty Generalization: assumes that a small piece of information is soundly representative of the whole situation. Example: I don’t like Thai food at all. The food I tried at this one Thai restaurant just was terrible and I was sick for days.
Faulty Analogy: assumes that if two things are alike in some ways, they must be alike in all ways. Example: Britney Spears and Christina Aguilera dress the same and sing the same type of music, so they must have very similar personalities.
Faulty Sign: assumes that one event is a reliable predictor of another. Example: That guy is wearing a big Starter jacket, has a tattoo, and wears baggy pants. He’s probably a gang member.
Tautology: defines an argument in a manner that makes it impossible to disprove. Example: You are a disagreeable person and, if you disagree with me, it will just prove even more how disagreeable you are.
Appeal to Authority: justifies an argument by citing a famous or popular person who also supports the argument. Example: Those shoes are great for Michael Jordan, so they’ll be great for me.
Slippery Slope: assumes that a particular step invariably leads to similar steps, culminating with a negative outcome. Example: If I let one student hand in their paper late, then I’ll have to let others hand theirs in late, too, and before you know it, everyone will be begging for an extension.
Red Herring: attempts to divert attention away from the real issue. Example: When accused by his wife of cheating at cards, Frank says, ‘‘Nothing I do ever pleases you. I spent a whole week cleaning out the garage, and then all you did was complain about how I’d reorganized it.’’
Appeal to Ignorance: uses a person’s inability to disprove a claim as proof that the claim is right. Example: We know there are people living on other planets in other galaxies because no one can prove that there are not.
Taken From : Maximum Influence : The 12 Universal Laws of power Persuasion
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string(285) "Are we rational human beings? Do we follow all forms of logic? Do we only act if it feels right? Do we even want the facts all the time? Have you ever tried to persuade an emotional person with logic? We generally think we make decisions based on facts, but truly this is not the [...]"
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string(2674) "Are we rational human beings? Do we follow all forms of logic? Do we only act if it feels right? Do we even want the facts all the time? Have you ever tried to persuade an emotional person with logic? We generally think we make decisions based on facts, but truly this is not the case. It has been found that when people agree with a particular message, they tend to perceive it as being more logical or rational. On the other hand, when people disagree with the message, they perceive it as an emotional plea.[1] The truth is that that our decision-making process relies on a mixture between emotion and its partner, logic. However, we cannot rely entirely on emotion until our logical side has been engaged.
In one study, twenty-one students prepared speeches that were written from either a logical or an emotional standpoint. The speeches were presented, filmed, and then evaluated by other college students. Interestingly, there was no real consistency in the findings except that speeches bearing a message that the evaluator agreed with were rated as more rational (even if they were intended to be emotional), while those the evaluator did not agree with were considered to be more emotional (even though some of those were intended to be logical). It seemed that whether a speech was considered logical or emotional depended on the listener. Researchers also concluded that, as a general rule, people seem unable to consistently distinguish between logical and emotional appeals.[2]
The logical side of an argument appeals to our reason. Reasoning is the process of drawing a conclusion based on evidence. For an argument to be legitimate, it has to be true and valid, and logical reasoning must be used to back it up. Many persuaders and marketers use faulty forms of logic, leaving gaping holes that require the audience to make assumptions and fill in the blanks. These are called logical fallacies. A fallacy is, very generally, an error in reasoning. It differs from a factual error, which is simply being wrong about the facts. In other words, a fallacy is an ‘‘argument’’ in which the premises don’t completely support the conclusion. In the next section, some of the most common logical fallacies are outlined.
[1]Arthur Lefford, ‘‘The Influence of Emotional Subject Matter on Logical Reading,’’ Journal of General Psychology 34 (1946): 127–151.
[2]Randall Reuchelle, ‘‘An Experimental Study of Audience Recognition of Emotional and Intellectual Appeals in Persuasion,’’ Speech Monographs 25, 1 (1958): 49–57.
Taken From : Maximum Influence : The 12 Universal Laws of power Persuasion
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string(285) "Are we rational human beings? Do we follow all forms of logic? Do we only act if it feels right? Do we even want the facts all the time? Have you ever tried to persuade an emotional person with logic? We generally think we make decisions based on facts, but truly this is not the [...]"
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In one study, twenty-one students prepared speeches that were written from either a logical or an emotional standpoint. The speeches were presented, filmed, and then evaluated by other college students. Interestingly, there was no real consistency in the findings except that speeches bearing a message that the evaluator agreed with were rated as more rational (even if they were intended to be emotional), while those the evaluator did not agree with were considered to be more emotional (even though some of those were intended to be logical). It seemed that whether a speech was considered logical or emotional depended on the listener. Researchers also concluded that, as a general rule, people seem unable to consistently distinguish between logical and emotional appeals.[2]
The logical side of an argument appeals to our reason. Reasoning is the process of drawing a conclusion based on evidence. For an argument to be legitimate, it has to be true and valid, and logical reasoning must be used to back it up. Many persuaders and marketers use faulty forms of logic, leaving gaping holes that require the audience to make assumptions and fill in the blanks. These are called logical fallacies. A fallacy is, very generally, an error in reasoning. It differs from a factual error, which is simply being wrong about the facts. In other words, a fallacy is an ‘‘argument’’ in which the premises don’t completely support the conclusion. In the next section, some of the most common logical fallacies are outlined.
[1]Arthur Lefford, ‘‘The Influence of Emotional Subject Matter on Logical Reading,’’ Journal of General Psychology 34 (1946): 127–151.
[2]Randall Reuchelle, ‘‘An Experimental Study of Audience Recognition of Emotional and Intellectual Appeals in Persuasion,’’ Speech Monographs 25, 1 (1958): 49–57.
Taken From : Maximum Influence : The 12 Universal Laws of power Persuasion
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string(65) "Chapter 14: The Law of Balance–Logical Mind vs. Emotional Heart"
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string(381) "Overview
When dealing with people, remember you are not dealing with creaturesof logic, but with creatures of emotion, creatures bristling with prejudiceand motivated by pride and vanity.
—DALE CARNEGIE
In persuasion, your message has to focus on emotions, all the while maintaining a balance between logic and feelings. Logic and emotion are the two elements that make for [...]"
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When dealing with people, remember you are not dealing with creaturesof logic, but with creatures of emotion, creatures bristling with prejudiceand motivated by pride and vanity.
—DALE CARNEGIE
In persuasion, your message has to focus on emotions, all the while maintaining a balance between logic and feelings. Logic and emotion are the two elements that make for perfect persuasion. We can be persuasive using only logic or only emotion, but the effect will be short-term and unbalanced.
Emotions create movement and action. They generate energy during the presentation and get prospects to act on the proposal being presented. The challenge with relying exclusively on emotion to persuade your prospect is that after she has left the persuasive situation, her emotions fade, leaving her with nothing concrete to fall back on. Logic plays the role of creating a foundation for emotion. This balance between logic and emotion could be called the twin engines of persuasion and influence. Master Persuaders know that each audience and individual has a different balance between logic and emotion. Your analytical type personalities need more logic than emotion. Your amiable personalities require more emotion and less logic. Always remember, you have to have both elements present in your message, regardless of the personality types listening.
In most persuasive situations, people react based on emotions, then justify their actions with logic and fact. A message that is completely based on emotion will often set off alarm bells on the logical side. On the other hand, a logical message with no appeal to emotion doesn’t create a strong enough response in the audience. A Master Persuader will create a proper balance between logic and emotion in order to create the perfect persuasive message.
We are persuaded by reason, but we are moved by emotion. Several studies conclude that up to 90 percent of the decisions we make are based on emotion. We use logic to justify our actions to ourselves and to others. Take note that emotion will always win over logic and that imagination will always win over reality. Think about talking to children about their fear of the dark, or to someone about their phobia of snakes. You know it is useless to use logic to persuade them that their thoughts and actions don’t make sense. They are still convinced that there is a problem.
This emotional pattern can also be seen in the way we buy and even in the way we convince ourselves of something. Our heads see the numbers and tell us to stick with a car that’s more modestly priced, while our hearts see the gleaming sports car, telling us to go home with a Jaguar. Our heads tell us it’s ridiculous to buy another pair of shoes since we already have fourteen pairs. We may even realize that no one is going to notice or care about the new shoes as much as we will. But our hearts win out, thinking of all the stunning new outfits these shoes will go with, and we go home with the new shoebox tucked under our arms. Our heads tell us not to believe everything we hear, that politicians are a bunch of liars, but our hearts are won over by their impassioned speeches.
Taken From : Maximum Influence : The 12 Universal Laws of power Persuasion
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When dealing with people, remember you are not dealing with creaturesof logic, but with creatures of emotion, creatures bristling with prejudiceand motivated by pride and vanity.
—DALE CARNEGIE
In persuasion, your message has to focus on emotions, all the while maintaining a balance between logic and feelings. Logic and emotion are the two elements that make for [...]"
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When dealing with people, remember you are not dealing with creaturesof logic, but with creatures of emotion, creatures bristling with prejudiceand motivated by pride and vanity.
—DALE CARNEGIE
In persuasion, your message has to focus on emotions, all the while maintaining a balance between logic and feelings. Logic and emotion are the two elements that make for perfect persuasion. We can be persuasive using only logic or only emotion, but the effect will be short-term and unbalanced.
Emotions create movement and action. They generate energy during the presentation and get prospects to act on the proposal being presented. The challenge with relying exclusively on emotion to persuade your prospect is that after she has left the persuasive situation, her emotions fade, leaving her with nothing concrete to fall back on. Logic plays the role of creating a foundation for emotion. This balance between logic and emotion could be called the twin engines of persuasion and influence. Master Persuaders know that each audience and individual has a different balance between logic and emotion. Your analytical type personalities need more logic than emotion. Your amiable personalities require more emotion and less logic. Always remember, you have to have both elements present in your message, regardless of the personality types listening.
In most persuasive situations, people react based on emotions, then justify their actions with logic and fact. A message that is completely based on emotion will often set off alarm bells on the logical side. On the other hand, a logical message with no appeal to emotion doesn’t create a strong enough response in the audience. A Master Persuader will create a proper balance between logic and emotion in order to create the perfect persuasive message.
We are persuaded by reason, but we are moved by emotion. Several studies conclude that up to 90 percent of the decisions we make are based on emotion. We use logic to justify our actions to ourselves and to others. Take note that emotion will always win over logic and that imagination will always win over reality. Think about talking to children about their fear of the dark, or to someone about their phobia of snakes. You know it is useless to use logic to persuade them that their thoughts and actions don’t make sense. They are still convinced that there is a problem.
This emotional pattern can also be seen in the way we buy and even in the way we convince ourselves of something. Our heads see the numbers and tell us to stick with a car that’s more modestly priced, while our hearts see the gleaming sports car, telling us to go home with a Jaguar. Our heads tell us it’s ridiculous to buy another pair of shoes since we already have fourteen pairs. We may even realize that no one is going to notice or care about the new shoes as much as we will. But our hearts win out, thinking of all the stunning new outfits these shoes will go with, and we go home with the new shoebox tucked under our arms. Our heads tell us not to believe everything we hear, that politicians are a bunch of liars, but our hearts are won over by their impassioned speeches.
Taken From : Maximum Influence : The 12 Universal Laws of power Persuasion
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["title"]=>
string(31) "How Estrogen Works in the Brain"
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string(373) "Estrogen has the following effects that individually or together may be responsible for its promemory actions:
1. Promotes the growth and survival of cholinergic nerve cells in the brain, probably by stimulating a substance called nerve growth factor.
2. May reduce destructive amyloid formation that occurs to a small extent during normal aging and to a precipitous [...]"
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string(4041) "Estrogen has the following effects that individually or together may be responsible for its promemory actions:
1. Promotes the growth and survival of cholinergic nerve cells in the brain, probably by stimulating a substance called nerve growth factor.
2. May reduce destructive amyloid formation that occurs to a small extent during normal aging and to a precipitous degree in Alzheimer’s disease.
3. May diminish the inflammatory response in the brain. Abnormal immune reactions are believed to underlie many brain disorders and may contribute to age-related memory loss.
4. Helps to maintain synapses, which are the small gaps between nerve cells bridged by chemical neurotransmitters. This action may prolong the integrity and life of synapses that normally decay during the aging process.
5. Has moderate antioxidant properties.
6. Raising estrogen levels in mice improves performance on memory tasks such as remembering how to traverse a maze.
Types and Dosage of Estrogen
There are different types of estrogen in the blood and in the brain— estriol and estradiol, for example— but they are all fairly similar in their actions. For postmenopausal women, estrogen ranks high on my list of medications to prevent age-related memory loss, and as a potential treatment for mild memory loss. If you have had a hysterectomy, the simplest therapeutic approach is to take conjugated estrogen, which is marketed as Premarin. The standard Premarin dose is a single tablet of
0.625 mg daily. If you have not had a hysterectomy, it is necessary to add progesterone, which is the other main female hormone. Combining the two reduces the risk of cancer of the uterus. You can achieve this by taking a single daily tablet of an estrogen-progesterone combination that contains 0.625 mg Premarin and 2.5 mg medroxyprogesterone acetate. There are over a dozen brands of estrogen-progesterone combinations on the market, but they are all about the same. They are all prescription medications, and you need to work out the exact doses, as well as the timing sequence of estrogen and progesterone therapy, with your doctor (internist or gynecologist).
Risks of Estrogen Therapy
Estrogen therapy stimulates estrogen-responsive cells in the breast and uterus, and hence slightly raises the risk of both breast and uterine cancer. A family history of breast or uterine cancer is a cautionary sign, but by itself it does not mean you shouldn’t take estrogen. Cynthia was unwilling to take the risk because her aunt had suffered from breast cancer. Her sister Myra did take the risk and benefited greatly from estrogen replacement therapy. During the last couple of decades, improved technology in early breast cancer detection has tilted the balance in favor of estrogen therapy, which is why I recommended it for Cynthia.
There is a small risk of clotting with inflammation of the veins— thrombophlebitis— which most commonly affects the leg veins. In rare cases, this can affect the larger leg veins and cause deep vein
thrombosis, which is a potentially dangerous complication because the thrombus or blood clot can enter the veins and lodge in the blood vessels that supply the lungs. If you have a history of this type of complication either while taking birth control pills or during pregnancy, do not take estrogen.
Other side effects include breast discomfort and resumption of uterine bleeding in postmenopausal women who have not had a hysterectomy, though this depends on the timing sequence of the estrogen-progesterone combination. If you take estrogen, you will need to be monitored by a physician, preferably a gynecologist, for side effects and complications using regular mammograms, ultrasound if necessary, pap smears, and pelvic/radiologic examinations.
Taken From: The Memory Program How to Prevent Memory Loss
and Enhance Memory Power
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string(373) "Estrogen has the following effects that individually or together may be responsible for its promemory actions:
1. Promotes the growth and survival of cholinergic nerve cells in the brain, probably by stimulating a substance called nerve growth factor.
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2. May reduce destructive amyloid formation that occurs to a small extent during normal aging and to a precipitous degree in Alzheimer’s disease.
3. May diminish the inflammatory response in the brain. Abnormal immune reactions are believed to underlie many brain disorders and may contribute to age-related memory loss.
4. Helps to maintain synapses, which are the small gaps between nerve cells bridged by chemical neurotransmitters. This action may prolong the integrity and life of synapses that normally decay during the aging process.
5. Has moderate antioxidant properties.
6. Raising estrogen levels in mice improves performance on memory tasks such as remembering how to traverse a maze.
Types and Dosage of Estrogen
There are different types of estrogen in the blood and in the brain— estriol and estradiol, for example— but they are all fairly similar in their actions. For postmenopausal women, estrogen ranks high on my list of medications to prevent age-related memory loss, and as a potential treatment for mild memory loss. If you have had a hysterectomy, the simplest therapeutic approach is to take conjugated estrogen, which is marketed as Premarin. The standard Premarin dose is a single tablet of
0.625 mg daily. If you have not had a hysterectomy, it is necessary to add progesterone, which is the other main female hormone. Combining the two reduces the risk of cancer of the uterus. You can achieve this by taking a single daily tablet of an estrogen-progesterone combination that contains 0.625 mg Premarin and 2.5 mg medroxyprogesterone acetate. There are over a dozen brands of estrogen-progesterone combinations on the market, but they are all about the same. They are all prescription medications, and you need to work out the exact doses, as well as the timing sequence of estrogen and progesterone therapy, with your doctor (internist or gynecologist).
Risks of Estrogen Therapy
Estrogen therapy stimulates estrogen-responsive cells in the breast and uterus, and hence slightly raises the risk of both breast and uterine cancer. A family history of breast or uterine cancer is a cautionary sign, but by itself it does not mean you shouldn’t take estrogen. Cynthia was unwilling to take the risk because her aunt had suffered from breast cancer. Her sister Myra did take the risk and benefited greatly from estrogen replacement therapy. During the last couple of decades, improved technology in early breast cancer detection has tilted the balance in favor of estrogen therapy, which is why I recommended it for Cynthia.
There is a small risk of clotting with inflammation of the veins— thrombophlebitis— which most commonly affects the leg veins. In rare cases, this can affect the larger leg veins and cause deep vein
thrombosis, which is a potentially dangerous complication because the thrombus or blood clot can enter the veins and lodge in the blood vessels that supply the lungs. If you have a history of this type of complication either while taking birth control pills or during pregnancy, do not take estrogen.
Other side effects include breast discomfort and resumption of uterine bleeding in postmenopausal women who have not had a hysterectomy, though this depends on the timing sequence of the estrogen-progesterone combination. If you take estrogen, you will need to be monitored by a physician, preferably a gynecologist, for side effects and complications using regular mammograms, ultrasound if necessary, pap smears, and pelvic/radiologic examinations.
Taken From: The Memory Program How to Prevent Memory Loss
and Enhance Memory Power
"
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string(18) "Color Triggers (2)"
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string(360) "Color even enhances the perceived flavor and desirability of the food we eat. For example, orange juice with enhanced orange hue was preferred over naturally colored orange juice and was thought to be sweeter. This was also true for strawberries, raspberries, and tomatoes. The redder they looked, the more they were preferred.[13]
In one experiment, the [...]"
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string(4367) "Color even enhances the perceived flavor and desirability of the food we eat. For example, orange juice with enhanced orange hue was preferred over naturally colored orange juice and was thought to be sweeter. This was also true for strawberries, raspberries, and tomatoes. The redder they looked, the more they were preferred.[13]
In one experiment, the flavor of coffee was manipulated by the color of the serving container. Two hundred people were asked to judge coffee served out of four different containers—red, blue, brown, and yellow. All containers contained the same brand of coffee, yet the coffee in the yellow container was found to be ‘‘too weak.’’ The blue container coffee was dubbed ‘‘too mild.’’ Seventy-five percent of respondents found the coffee in the brown container to be ‘‘too strong’’ while 85 percent found the red container coffee to be ‘‘rich and full-bodied.’’[14] A similar experiment was also done with women and facial creams. Subjects were given pink and white face creams, which were identical except for their color. One hundred percent of the women surveyed said that the pink cream was more effective and milder on sensitive skin.[15]
In another experiment, researchers gave subjects laundry detergent to test for quality. Of course, all of the boxes contained the exact same detergent, but the outsides of the boxes were different colors. The test colors were yellow, blue, and a combination of both. After a two-week testing period, the test groups reported that the soap in the yellow boxes was ‘‘too harsh’’ and the detergent in the blue boxes was ‘‘too weak.’’ The detergent in the combination yellow and blue boxes was ‘‘just right.’’ The findings indicated that the yellow represented strength while the blue represented antiseptic power.[16]
Original research into Cheer laundry detergent produced similar results. Louis Cheskin conducted research on three different color flecks in Cheer: red, blue, and yellow. Again, the detergent was the same, but the colors were different. As the research unfolded, subjects determined that the yellow flecks did not clean clothes enough, the red flecks were too strong, and the blue flecks were best for cleaning clothes. Colors play a large role in the success of a product, its packaging, or its persuasive ability. Color communicates and triggers emotions, moods, thoughts, and actions, all without words.[18]
Explore the following list to see some common color associations:
Red: strength, power, anger, danger, aggression, excitement
Blue: coolness, truth, loyalty, harmony, devotion, serenity, relaxation
Yellow: brightness, intelligence, hostility, wiseness, cheerfulness, loudness
Green: peacefulness, tranquility, youthfulness, prosperity, money, endurance, growth, hopefulness
Orange: brightness, unpleasantness, sun, warmth, bravery, invigoration, radiation, communication
Purple: royalty, passion, authority, stateliness, integrity, mysticalness, dignity
White: plainness, purity, coldness, cleanliness, innocence, hygiene
Black: desperation, wickedness, futility, mysteriousness, death, evilness
Gray: neutrality, nothingness, indecision, depression, dullness, technology, impersonality
[9]R. Feinberg, ‘‘Credit Cards As Spending Facilitation Stimuli,’’ Journal of Consumer Research (1986): 348–356.
[10]K. Fehrman and C. Fehrman, Color: The Secret Influence (Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice Hall, 2000), 141.
[11]Ibid, p. 142.
[12]Ibid, pp. 12-13.
[13]Ibid, p. 84.
[14]Ibid, p. 144.
[15]Ibid, p. 144.
[16]Ibid, p. 145.
[18]Ibid, p. 145.
Use Association to Persuade and Influence
The Law of Association is a powerful tool in helping you influence and persuade your audience. If used correctly, you will be able to create the desired feelings, emotions, and behavior in your prospects. It is in this way that you can use association to bring about the best experiences and create a persuasive environment. Whatever your subject is drawn to, impressed by, or desirous of, seek to incorporate it into your message, your product, or your service.
Taken From : Maximum Influence : The 12 Universal Laws of power Persuasion
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string(360) "Color even enhances the perceived flavor and desirability of the food we eat. For example, orange juice with enhanced orange hue was preferred over naturally colored orange juice and was thought to be sweeter. This was also true for strawberries, raspberries, and tomatoes. The redder they looked, the more they were preferred.[13]
In one experiment, the [...]"
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string(4367) "Color even enhances the perceived flavor and desirability of the food we eat. For example, orange juice with enhanced orange hue was preferred over naturally colored orange juice and was thought to be sweeter. This was also true for strawberries, raspberries, and tomatoes. The redder they looked, the more they were preferred.[13]
In one experiment, the flavor of coffee was manipulated by the color of the serving container. Two hundred people were asked to judge coffee served out of four different containers—red, blue, brown, and yellow. All containers contained the same brand of coffee, yet the coffee in the yellow container was found to be ‘‘too weak.’’ The blue container coffee was dubbed ‘‘too mild.’’ Seventy-five percent of respondents found the coffee in the brown container to be ‘‘too strong’’ while 85 percent found the red container coffee to be ‘‘rich and full-bodied.’’[14] A similar experiment was also done with women and facial creams. Subjects were given pink and white face creams, which were identical except for their color. One hundred percent of the women surveyed said that the pink cream was more effective and milder on sensitive skin.[15]
In another experiment, researchers gave subjects laundry detergent to test for quality. Of course, all of the boxes contained the exact same detergent, but the outsides of the boxes were different colors. The test colors were yellow, blue, and a combination of both. After a two-week testing period, the test groups reported that the soap in the yellow boxes was ‘‘too harsh’’ and the detergent in the blue boxes was ‘‘too weak.’’ The detergent in the combination yellow and blue boxes was ‘‘just right.’’ The findings indicated that the yellow represented strength while the blue represented antiseptic power.[16]
Original research into Cheer laundry detergent produced similar results. Louis Cheskin conducted research on three different color flecks in Cheer: red, blue, and yellow. Again, the detergent was the same, but the colors were different. As the research unfolded, subjects determined that the yellow flecks did not clean clothes enough, the red flecks were too strong, and the blue flecks were best for cleaning clothes. Colors play a large role in the success of a product, its packaging, or its persuasive ability. Color communicates and triggers emotions, moods, thoughts, and actions, all without words.[18]
Explore the following list to see some common color associations:
Red: strength, power, anger, danger, aggression, excitement
Blue: coolness, truth, loyalty, harmony, devotion, serenity, relaxation
Yellow: brightness, intelligence, hostility, wiseness, cheerfulness, loudness
Green: peacefulness, tranquility, youthfulness, prosperity, money, endurance, growth, hopefulness
Orange: brightness, unpleasantness, sun, warmth, bravery, invigoration, radiation, communication
Purple: royalty, passion, authority, stateliness, integrity, mysticalness, dignity
White: plainness, purity, coldness, cleanliness, innocence, hygiene
Black: desperation, wickedness, futility, mysteriousness, death, evilness
Gray: neutrality, nothingness, indecision, depression, dullness, technology, impersonality
[9]R. Feinberg, ‘‘Credit Cards As Spending Facilitation Stimuli,’’ Journal of Consumer Research (1986): 348–356.
[10]K. Fehrman and C. Fehrman, Color: The Secret Influence (Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice Hall, 2000), 141.
[11]Ibid, p. 142.
[12]Ibid, pp. 12-13.
[13]Ibid, p. 84.
[14]Ibid, p. 144.
[15]Ibid, p. 144.
[16]Ibid, p. 145.
[18]Ibid, p. 145.
Use Association to Persuade and Influence
The Law of Association is a powerful tool in helping you influence and persuade your audience. If used correctly, you will be able to create the desired feelings, emotions, and behavior in your prospects. It is in this way that you can use association to bring about the best experiences and create a persuasive environment. Whatever your subject is drawn to, impressed by, or desirous of, seek to incorporate it into your message, your product, or your service.
Taken From : Maximum Influence : The 12 Universal Laws of power Persuasion
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string(4) "Pity"
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string(327) "Pity is empathy we feel toward someone who has been unjustly trespassed against. We often feel pity for others due to death, injury, sickness, calamity, natural disaster, accidents, and so on. We can feel pity for people who are close to us as well as toward people we don’t know at all.
Your Emotional Radar
When using [...]"
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Your Emotional Radar
When using emotions in persuasion, remember to pay attention to the circumstances that surround your presentation. Aristotle highlighted three aspects you should consider:
The nature of the actual experience (funeral, party, sporting event, fundraiser, or business meeting)
Those toward whom the message will be directed (blue or white collar, male or female, religion, race, common interests, or hobbies)
The likely emotion that will be created in participants (what is going to happen?)
[9]L. Janis and S. Feshbach, ‘‘Effects of Fear-Arousing Communications,’’ Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology (1953): 78–92.
Tip the Scale
As a Master Persuader you know how to use the dual engine of Balance. This dual engine allows you to fly straight and true in any persuasive situation; become a student of both logic and emotion and develop the ability to articulate logic that rings true to your audience; and learn how to use your human emotion radar. It will help you determine important aspects of your audience, such as what your prospects are feeling, what emotions they are trying to hide, and how you can use each of these emotions in the persuasive process. As a Master Persuader you know what emotion to use, when to use it, how to trigger specific emotions, and how to balance the audience’s emotion with logic. Engineer your persuasive message with Balance
Taken From : Maximum Influence : The 12 Universal Laws of power Persuasion
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string(327) "Pity is empathy we feel toward someone who has been unjustly trespassed against. We often feel pity for others due to death, injury, sickness, calamity, natural disaster, accidents, and so on. We can feel pity for people who are close to us as well as toward people we don’t know at all.
Your Emotional Radar
When using [...]"
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string(1835) "Pity is empathy we feel toward someone who has been unjustly trespassed against. We often feel pity for others due to death, injury, sickness, calamity, natural disaster, accidents, and so on. We can feel pity for people who are close to us as well as toward people we don’t know at all.
Your Emotional Radar
When using emotions in persuasion, remember to pay attention to the circumstances that surround your presentation. Aristotle highlighted three aspects you should consider:
The nature of the actual experience (funeral, party, sporting event, fundraiser, or business meeting)
Those toward whom the message will be directed (blue or white collar, male or female, religion, race, common interests, or hobbies)
The likely emotion that will be created in participants (what is going to happen?)
[9]L. Janis and S. Feshbach, ‘‘Effects of Fear-Arousing Communications,’’ Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology (1953): 78–92.
Tip the Scale
As a Master Persuader you know how to use the dual engine of Balance. This dual engine allows you to fly straight and true in any persuasive situation; become a student of both logic and emotion and develop the ability to articulate logic that rings true to your audience; and learn how to use your human emotion radar. It will help you determine important aspects of your audience, such as what your prospects are feeling, what emotions they are trying to hide, and how you can use each of these emotions in the persuasive process. As a Master Persuader you know what emotion to use, when to use it, how to trigger specific emotions, and how to balance the audience’s emotion with logic. Engineer your persuasive message with Balance
Taken From : Maximum Influence : The 12 Universal Laws of power Persuasion
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string(32) "Estrogen Therapy for Memory Loss"
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string(395) "In a study that used the cholinergic medication tacrine (Cognex) to treat Alzheimer’s disease, an incidental result was that women who also took estrogen were the patients most likely to improve cognitively with tacrine. This intriguing result suggests that estrogen may be particularly effective when used in combination with other medications.
Recent studies suggest that estrogen [...]"
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string(2923) "In a study that used the cholinergic medication tacrine (Cognex) to treat Alzheimer’s disease, an incidental result was that women who also took estrogen were the patients most likely to improve cognitively with tacrine. This intriguing result suggests that estrogen may be particularly effective when used in combination with other medications.
Recent studies suggest that estrogen by itself is not an effective treatment for Alzheimer’s disease. However, other studies show that estrogen may slightly enhance memory performance in postmenopausal women who do not suffer from memory loss. My view is that estrogen may be particularly effective in women who have symptoms of both depression and cognitive impairment. This dovetails perfectly into the differences that I observed between the two sisters, with Cynthia suffering from mild depression and mild memory loss while Myra had neither syndrome and took estrogen.
Recently, several large-scale studies, including the Women’s Health Initiative under the auspices of the NIH, have been launched to evaluate the direct effect of estrogen in preventing and treating mild
memory loss. This massive investment means that it is likely that our knowledge about the effects of estrogen on memory will leapfrog over all the other promemory medications in the coming years.
How about a Male Estrogen?
How about a male estrogen to prevent not only memory loss but also heart attacks and strokes that are more common in men than in women? There is work afoot to try to develop compounds that retain many of the properties of estrogen without producing its feminizing effects such as changes in breast size and other physical features. The antiosteoporosis medication raloxifene (Evista), which some have informally labeled as estrogen-light, has fewer feminizing properties than regular estrogen, but it is still not suitable for use by men. A recent study in women showed that Evista was much less likely to lead to breast cancer than estrogen, and this compound may be worth testing in women with mild memory loss.
The irony about estrogen is that it is a steroid, as is the male hormone, testosterone. Corticosteroids are thought to damage hippocampal cells, but sex hormone steroids may actually protect the same cells. Testosterone therapy in men has not been studied as much as estrogen in women for a couple of reasons: a high risk of prostate cancer, and the need to give testosterone by injection rather than orally. Since more and more researchers are taking an interest in sex hormones
and related compounds, male sex hormone therapy to prevent memory loss, and perhaps depression, may make its debut in the future.
Taken From: The Memory Program How to Prevent Memory Loss
and Enhance Memory Power
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string(395) "In a study that used the cholinergic medication tacrine (Cognex) to treat Alzheimer’s disease, an incidental result was that women who also took estrogen were the patients most likely to improve cognitively with tacrine. This intriguing result suggests that estrogen may be particularly effective when used in combination with other medications.
Recent studies suggest that estrogen [...]"
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string(2923) "In a study that used the cholinergic medication tacrine (Cognex) to treat Alzheimer’s disease, an incidental result was that women who also took estrogen were the patients most likely to improve cognitively with tacrine. This intriguing result suggests that estrogen may be particularly effective when used in combination with other medications.
Recent studies suggest that estrogen by itself is not an effective treatment for Alzheimer’s disease. However, other studies show that estrogen may slightly enhance memory performance in postmenopausal women who do not suffer from memory loss. My view is that estrogen may be particularly effective in women who have symptoms of both depression and cognitive impairment. This dovetails perfectly into the differences that I observed between the two sisters, with Cynthia suffering from mild depression and mild memory loss while Myra had neither syndrome and took estrogen.
Recently, several large-scale studies, including the Women’s Health Initiative under the auspices of the NIH, have been launched to evaluate the direct effect of estrogen in preventing and treating mild
memory loss. This massive investment means that it is likely that our knowledge about the effects of estrogen on memory will leapfrog over all the other promemory medications in the coming years.
How about a Male Estrogen?
How about a male estrogen to prevent not only memory loss but also heart attacks and strokes that are more common in men than in women? There is work afoot to try to develop compounds that retain many of the properties of estrogen without producing its feminizing effects such as changes in breast size and other physical features. The antiosteoporosis medication raloxifene (Evista), which some have informally labeled as estrogen-light, has fewer feminizing properties than regular estrogen, but it is still not suitable for use by men. A recent study in women showed that Evista was much less likely to lead to breast cancer than estrogen, and this compound may be worth testing in women with mild memory loss.
The irony about estrogen is that it is a steroid, as is the male hormone, testosterone. Corticosteroids are thought to damage hippocampal cells, but sex hormone steroids may actually protect the same cells. Testosterone therapy in men has not been studied as much as estrogen in women for a couple of reasons: a high risk of prostate cancer, and the need to give testosterone by injection rather than orally. Since more and more researchers are taking an interest in sex hormones
and related compounds, male sex hormone therapy to prevent memory loss, and perhaps depression, may make its debut in the future.
Taken From: The Memory Program How to Prevent Memory Loss
and Enhance Memory Power
"
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["title"]=>
string(38) "Images: How to Get Through Their Guard"
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string(339) "The images we see create attitudes within us. It is no random accident that most U.S. presidents have pet dogs in the White House. Consciously and unconsciously, we believe a loving, obedient, trusting dog creates a positive image of its owner. Voters would be more likely to reject a politician who preferred cats, hamsters, snakes, [...]"
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It really isn’t a secret that we are abundantly influenced by imagery when making everyday decisions. We are much more likely to donate to someone wearing a Santa Claus suit than to someone in street attire. We are more trusting of a sales rep wearing a gold cross around his neck. Sports bars decorate their walls with jerseys and other sports paraphernalia.
Credit card companies are among the greatest users of imagery and association. Because credit cards give us immediate gratification without us having to face the negative consequences until weeks later, we often think of the perceived positive associations before the negative ones. Consumer researcher Richard Feinberg conducted several different studies testing the effects credit cards had on our spending habits. He came across some very interesting results. For example, he found that restaurant patrons gave higher tips when using a credit card as opposed to cash. In another case, consumers were found to show a 29 percent increase in their willingness to spend when the merchandise was examined in a room displaying MasterCard signs. More interesting still was the fact that the subjects were unaware that the MasterCard signs were an intentional and calculated part of the experiment.
Feinberg discovered the same results when subjects were asked to donate to a charity. When the room contained the MasterCard insignias, 87 percent donated, as compared to only 33 percent donating when the room did not contain such signs. Ironically, credit cards were not accepted for making donations. The study produced startling evidence of how associations can be used to create greater compliance. A simple image, with its related associations, caused the subjects to be more liberal with the cash they had on hand.[9]
Taken From : Maximum Influence : The 12 Universal Laws of power Persuasion
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string(339) "The images we see create attitudes within us. It is no random accident that most U.S. presidents have pet dogs in the White House. Consciously and unconsciously, we believe a loving, obedient, trusting dog creates a positive image of its owner. Voters would be more likely to reject a politician who preferred cats, hamsters, snakes, [...]"
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string(2248) "The images we see create attitudes within us. It is no random accident that most U.S. presidents have pet dogs in the White House. Consciously and unconsciously, we believe a loving, obedient, trusting dog creates a positive image of its owner. Voters would be more likely to reject a politician who preferred cats, hamsters, snakes, ferrets, or tarantulas.
It really isn’t a secret that we are abundantly influenced by imagery when making everyday decisions. We are much more likely to donate to someone wearing a Santa Claus suit than to someone in street attire. We are more trusting of a sales rep wearing a gold cross around his neck. Sports bars decorate their walls with jerseys and other sports paraphernalia.
Credit card companies are among the greatest users of imagery and association. Because credit cards give us immediate gratification without us having to face the negative consequences until weeks later, we often think of the perceived positive associations before the negative ones. Consumer researcher Richard Feinberg conducted several different studies testing the effects credit cards had on our spending habits. He came across some very interesting results. For example, he found that restaurant patrons gave higher tips when using a credit card as opposed to cash. In another case, consumers were found to show a 29 percent increase in their willingness to spend when the merchandise was examined in a room displaying MasterCard signs. More interesting still was the fact that the subjects were unaware that the MasterCard signs were an intentional and calculated part of the experiment.
Feinberg discovered the same results when subjects were asked to donate to a charity. When the room contained the MasterCard insignias, 87 percent donated, as compared to only 33 percent donating when the room did not contain such signs. Ironically, credit cards were not accepted for making donations. The study produced startling evidence of how associations can be used to create greater compliance. A simple image, with its related associations, caused the subjects to be more liberal with the cash they had on hand.[9]
Taken From : Maximum Influence : The 12 Universal Laws of power Persuasion
"
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string(19) "Effects of Estrogen"
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string(349) "Estrogen helps to prevent a common malady of old age: osteoarthritis, in which bone decay leads to generalized weakness, altered gait, and a stooped posture. Postmenopausal women who take estrogen may actually increase their life span. Estrogen’s effects in the brain are less well recognized, but a lack of this hormone can give rise to [...]"
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string(2550) "Estrogen helps to prevent a common malady of old age: osteoarthritis, in which bone decay leads to generalized weakness, altered gait, and a stooped posture. Postmenopausal women who take estrogen may actually increase their life span. Estrogen’s effects in the brain are less well recognized, but a lack of this hormone can give rise to memory loss.
Genetic Factors Influence Treatment Response
In all branches of medicine, there is a general rule that genetic factors play an important role in predicting treatment response. If one family member responds to a treatment, the other family member will likely respond to the same treatment. I am convinced that estrogen could have accomplished for Cynthia what it had achieved for Myra, and that its effects on both mild depression and memory loss would have been far greater than the standard antidepressant and antimemory-loss
medications that she received. My guess is that her primary problem was estrogen deficiency (blood estrogen levels are not very useful and don’t tell us how well estrogen is being utilized in the brain), which is why the other treatments did not work as well as they usually do.
Estrogen in Long-Term Prevention of Memory Loss
Clinical anecdotes and observations about the power of estrogen have been supported by the results from systematic studies, especially of elderly women living at home. In a report from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study on Normal Aging, 472 menopausal and postmenopausal women were followed for sixteen years. Women on estrogen-replacement therapy were 50 percent less likely to develop dementia. Other studies of women living in the community have also shown that estrogen provides a protective effect against dementia. Most of these studies suggest a twofold to fourfold protective effect, meaning that if you are sixty years old and your risk of getting dementia in the next ten years
is 12 percent, this risk will drop to 3 to 6 percent if you are taking estrogen. No one is suggesting that estrogen will cure Alzheimer’s, but rather that the procognition properties of estrogen will delay the
onset of the disease by several years. The results of several studies indicate that the longer you take estrogen, and the higher the dose, the greater the protective effect against this dreaded disease.
Taken From: The Memory Program How to Prevent Memory Loss
and Enhance Memory Power
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string(349) "Estrogen helps to prevent a common malady of old age: osteoarthritis, in which bone decay leads to generalized weakness, altered gait, and a stooped posture. Postmenopausal women who take estrogen may actually increase their life span. Estrogen’s effects in the brain are less well recognized, but a lack of this hormone can give rise to [...]"
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string(2550) "Estrogen helps to prevent a common malady of old age: osteoarthritis, in which bone decay leads to generalized weakness, altered gait, and a stooped posture. Postmenopausal women who take estrogen may actually increase their life span. Estrogen’s effects in the brain are less well recognized, but a lack of this hormone can give rise to memory loss.
Genetic Factors Influence Treatment Response
In all branches of medicine, there is a general rule that genetic factors play an important role in predicting treatment response. If one family member responds to a treatment, the other family member will likely respond to the same treatment. I am convinced that estrogen could have accomplished for Cynthia what it had achieved for Myra, and that its effects on both mild depression and memory loss would have been far greater than the standard antidepressant and antimemory-loss
medications that she received. My guess is that her primary problem was estrogen deficiency (blood estrogen levels are not very useful and don’t tell us how well estrogen is being utilized in the brain), which is why the other treatments did not work as well as they usually do.
Estrogen in Long-Term Prevention of Memory Loss
Clinical anecdotes and observations about the power of estrogen have been supported by the results from systematic studies, especially of elderly women living at home. In a report from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study on Normal Aging, 472 menopausal and postmenopausal women were followed for sixteen years. Women on estrogen-replacement therapy were 50 percent less likely to develop dementia. Other studies of women living in the community have also shown that estrogen provides a protective effect against dementia. Most of these studies suggest a twofold to fourfold protective effect, meaning that if you are sixty years old and your risk of getting dementia in the next ten years
is 12 percent, this risk will drop to 3 to 6 percent if you are taking estrogen. No one is suggesting that estrogen will cure Alzheimer’s, but rather that the procognition properties of estrogen will delay the
onset of the disease by several years. The results of several studies indicate that the longer you take estrogen, and the higher the dose, the greater the protective effect against this dreaded disease.
Taken From: The Memory Program How to Prevent Memory Loss
and Enhance Memory Power
"
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["title"]=>
string(37) "Your older sister was just telling me"
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string(375) "“Your older sister was just telling me that she is no longer as interested in her hobbies,” I said.
Myra looked at her sister Cynthia, turned toward me with a puzzled expression, and then suddenly
laughed. ‘‘You kiddin’ me? She’s not older. Cynthia, my little sister? She’s six years younger than I
am!”
I simply couldn’t believe it. I [...]"
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string(3392) "“Your older sister was just telling me that she is no longer as interested in her hobbies,” I said.
Myra looked at her sister Cynthia, turned toward me with a puzzled expression, and then suddenly
laughed. ‘‘You kiddin’ me? She’s not older. Cynthia, my little sister? She’s six years younger than I
am!”
I simply couldn’t believe it. I had guessed that Myra was fifty, not seventy years old. And with my
earlier impression of Cynthia being eighty rather than sixty-four, the contrast between the two sisters
was even more striking to me. So I asked Myra about her own health habits. She went through the
usual litany: a sound diet, regular exercise, no smoking, low alcohol intake, and a mellow, low-stress
approach to life. Finally, she revealed that she was taking Premarin, a standard estrogen-replacement
therapy for postmenopausal women.
I turned to ask her sister Cynthia if she had thought of taking estrogen herself.
“My aunt died of breast cancer, so I won’t take the risk,” she replied.
Myra explained that she had no problems on estrogen and that she had regular, frequent checkups
with her gynecologist, including regular mammograms and pelvic exams. But Cynthia remained
adamant that because there was a risk of cancer, she would not take estrogen.
Keeping this information in the front of my mind, I completed the diagnostic workup for Cynthia’s
memory loss, and possible depression. There were no abnormalities on neurological examination or
any laboratory test, including MRI scan of the brain. Her neuropsychological testing showed only
minimal deficits, which may have been due to mild depression. A twelve-week treatment course with
the antidepressant medication paroxetine led to only slight improvement in her symptoms. Other antidepressant medications met the same fate. She refused to consider
psychotherapy. She also did not want to try any memory-enhancing exercises or related techniques,
so I asked her to start taking vitamin E 800 IUs daily. Adding the cholinesterase inhibitor donepezil
(Aricept) had no significant impact on her memory. Cynthia’s general health habits (sound diet,
regular walks, no alcohol) were very good, so there wasn’t much room for improvement there.
Over the next two years, Cynthia did not change very much. Occasional memory lapses persisted,
but without any worsening over time. Her neuropsychological testing showed no significant changes
during this period. My attempts to get her to reconsider estrogen therapy, or at least to discuss it with
her gynecologist, were met with stony reffisal. Her older sister Myra, who accompanied Cynthia for
some of her clinic visits, continued on her youthful, estrogen-filled way without any major health
problems.
The main female sex hormone, estrogen, is produced by the ovaries. As Cynthia and Myra
illustrate, its actions extend far beyond reproduction and sexual behavior. For Myra, estrogen
prevented not only memory decline but also the ravages of the aging process itself.
Taken From: The Memory Program How to Prevent Memory Loss
and Enhance Memory Power
"
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string(375) "“Your older sister was just telling me that she is no longer as interested in her hobbies,” I said.
Myra looked at her sister Cynthia, turned toward me with a puzzled expression, and then suddenly
laughed. ‘‘You kiddin’ me? She’s not older. Cynthia, my little sister? She’s six years younger than I
am!”
I simply couldn’t believe it. I [...]"
["atom_content"]=>
string(3392) "“Your older sister was just telling me that she is no longer as interested in her hobbies,” I said.
Myra looked at her sister Cynthia, turned toward me with a puzzled expression, and then suddenly
laughed. ‘‘You kiddin’ me? She’s not older. Cynthia, my little sister? She’s six years younger than I
am!”
I simply couldn’t believe it. I had guessed that Myra was fifty, not seventy years old. And with my
earlier impression of Cynthia being eighty rather than sixty-four, the contrast between the two sisters
was even more striking to me. So I asked Myra about her own health habits. She went through the
usual litany: a sound diet, regular exercise, no smoking, low alcohol intake, and a mellow, low-stress
approach to life. Finally, she revealed that she was taking Premarin, a standard estrogen-replacement
therapy for postmenopausal women.
I turned to ask her sister Cynthia if she had thought of taking estrogen herself.
“My aunt died of breast cancer, so I won’t take the risk,” she replied.
Myra explained that she had no problems on estrogen and that she had regular, frequent checkups
with her gynecologist, including regular mammograms and pelvic exams. But Cynthia remained
adamant that because there was a risk of cancer, she would not take estrogen.
Keeping this information in the front of my mind, I completed the diagnostic workup for Cynthia’s
memory loss, and possible depression. There were no abnormalities on neurological examination or
any laboratory test, including MRI scan of the brain. Her neuropsychological testing showed only
minimal deficits, which may have been due to mild depression. A twelve-week treatment course with
the antidepressant medication paroxetine led to only slight improvement in her symptoms. Other antidepressant medications met the same fate. She refused to consider
psychotherapy. She also did not want to try any memory-enhancing exercises or related techniques,
so I asked her to start taking vitamin E 800 IUs daily. Adding the cholinesterase inhibitor donepezil
(Aricept) had no significant impact on her memory. Cynthia’s general health habits (sound diet,
regular walks, no alcohol) were very good, so there wasn’t much room for improvement there.
Over the next two years, Cynthia did not change very much. Occasional memory lapses persisted,
but without any worsening over time. Her neuropsychological testing showed no significant changes
during this period. My attempts to get her to reconsider estrogen therapy, or at least to discuss it with
her gynecologist, were met with stony reffisal. Her older sister Myra, who accompanied Cynthia for
some of her clinic visits, continued on her youthful, estrogen-filled way without any major health
problems.
The main female sex hormone, estrogen, is produced by the ovaries. As Cynthia and Myra
illustrate, its actions extend far beyond reproduction and sexual behavior. For Myra, estrogen
prevented not only memory decline but also the ravages of the aging process itself.
Taken From: The Memory Program How to Prevent Memory Loss
and Enhance Memory Power
"
["date_timestamp"]=>
int(1253326258)
}
[38]=>
array(13) {
["title"]=>
string(27) "Sponsorship: Lasting Impact"
["link"]=>
string(33) "http://harmonyinarcata.com/?p=313"
["comments"]=>
string(42) "http://harmonyinarcata.com/?p=313#comments"
["pubdate"]=>
string(31) "Wed, 16 Sep 2009 15:42:43 +0000"
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["description"]=>
string(372) "Closely related to advertising is the notion of sponsorship. Companies and organizations sponsor events that they believe will produce a positive association in the eyes of the public. They hope this positive association will transfer over to their company. The Olympic Games pull huge sponsorships—companies pay big money to get their name and products associated [...]"
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string(1579) "Closely related to advertising is the notion of sponsorship. Companies and organizations sponsor events that they believe will produce a positive association in the eyes of the public. They hope this positive association will transfer over to their company. The Olympic Games pull huge sponsorships—companies pay big money to get their name and products associated with the Olympics. What company wouldn’t want to be associated with peace, unity, perseverance, determination, success, and winning the gold? The affiliations that companies create for us are very strong and memorable.
Let’s try an experiment: Think about the following beverages and pay attention to the images that come to your mind while you do so.
Dr. Pepper
Pepsi
Budweiser
Schlitz
Heineken
7-up
Coke
Coors
Try doing the same thing with the following cars:
Volvo
Toyota
Mercedes
Rolls Royce
Hyundai
Chevy
Ford
Porsche
Now try it with these companies and institutions:
Welfare Department
IRS
American Red Cross
Microsoft
Enron
DMV
Exxon
FBI
The companies themselves created these images and aroused feelings in you. Of course, we are affected by our environment and our experience, but we are also affected by the images these companies create for themselves and their products. Everything we buy symbolizes something.
Taken From : Maximum Influence : The 12 Universal Laws of power Persuasion
"
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string(372) "Closely related to advertising is the notion of sponsorship. Companies and organizations sponsor events that they believe will produce a positive association in the eyes of the public. They hope this positive association will transfer over to their company. The Olympic Games pull huge sponsorships—companies pay big money to get their name and products associated [...]"
["atom_content"]=>
string(1579) "Closely related to advertising is the notion of sponsorship. Companies and organizations sponsor events that they believe will produce a positive association in the eyes of the public. They hope this positive association will transfer over to their company. The Olympic Games pull huge sponsorships—companies pay big money to get their name and products associated with the Olympics. What company wouldn’t want to be associated with peace, unity, perseverance, determination, success, and winning the gold? The affiliations that companies create for us are very strong and memorable.
Let’s try an experiment: Think about the following beverages and pay attention to the images that come to your mind while you do so.
Dr. Pepper
Pepsi
Budweiser
Schlitz
Heineken
7-up
Coke
Coors
Try doing the same thing with the following cars:
Volvo
Toyota
Mercedes
Rolls Royce
Hyundai
Chevy
Ford
Porsche
Now try it with these companies and institutions:
Welfare Department
IRS
American Red Cross
Microsoft
Enron
DMV
Exxon
FBI
The companies themselves created these images and aroused feelings in you. Of course, we are affected by our environment and our experience, but we are also affected by the images these companies create for themselves and their products. Everything we buy symbolizes something.
Taken From : Maximum Influence : The 12 Universal Laws of power Persuasion
"
["date_timestamp"]=>
int(1253115763)
}
[39]=>
array(13) {
["title"]=>
string(41) "Recently, a physician friend of mine told"
["link"]=>
string(33) "http://harmonyinarcata.com/?p=390"
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string(42) "http://harmonyinarcata.com/?p=390#comments"
["pubdate"]=>
string(31) "Sun, 13 Sep 2009 03:58:38 +0000"
["dc"]=>
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["description"]=>
string(346) "Recently, a physician friend of mine told me that he now takes ginkgo regularly because he has a strong family history of Alzheimer’s disease. And he definitely isn’t the only card-carrying member of the American Medical Association who takes this substance. So even though the jury is still out, the evidence in favor of ginkgo [...]"
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array(1) {
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string(2164) "Recently, a physician friend of mine told me that he now takes ginkgo regularly because he has a strong family history of Alzheimer’s disease. And he definitely isn’t the only card-carrying member of the American Medical Association who takes this substance. So even though the jury is still out, the evidence in favor of ginkgo is piling up to such an extent that former skeptics have begun to turn the corner. If you are worried about losing your memory, or have begun to experience subtle memory
loss, or, as in the case of my friend, have a strong family history of dementia, ginkgo biloba is an option.
Ginkgo biloba is available in health food stores and no prescription is needed. Unfortunately, it comes in many shapes and forms, and you cannot always be sure of the quality of what you are buying. The Journal of the American Medical Association study was conducted with a ginkgo preparation called EGb 761 at a dose of 120 mg daily. This dose seems to be reasonable because it was associated with a mild positive effect in dementia while producing virtually no side effects.
If you decide to take ginkgo regularly, bear in mind that its promemory effects have been quite small in the studies conducted to date. Ginkgo biloba can play a useful role in a memory-lossprevention program, but by itself it is unlikely to be the panacea, the magic potion, to prevent agerelated memory loss.
Ginseng
Ginseng root preparations, used extensively in Chinese medicine for centuries, are now popular across Asia, Europe, and the United States. In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, its medicinal properties achieved such fame that fortunes were paid for prize roots, as if they were rare diamonds. The reasoning behind ginseng’s use is that it repairs yang energy. It is believed to have broad antiaging effects and is often given to treat fatigue and impotence. Male rats fed on ginseng initiate sexual activity much faster than rats that do not receive ginseng.
Taken From: The Memory Program How to Prevent Memory Loss
and Enhance Memory Power
"
}
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string(346) "Recently, a physician friend of mine told me that he now takes ginkgo regularly because he has a strong family history of Alzheimer’s disease. And he definitely isn’t the only card-carrying member of the American Medical Association who takes this substance. So even though the jury is still out, the evidence in favor of ginkgo [...]"
["atom_content"]=>
string(2164) "Recently, a physician friend of mine told me that he now takes ginkgo regularly because he has a strong family history of Alzheimer’s disease. And he definitely isn’t the only card-carrying member of the American Medical Association who takes this substance. So even though the jury is still out, the evidence in favor of ginkgo is piling up to such an extent that former skeptics have begun to turn the corner. If you are worried about losing your memory, or have begun to experience subtle memory
loss, or, as in the case of my friend, have a strong family history of dementia, ginkgo biloba is an option.
Ginkgo biloba is available in health food stores and no prescription is needed. Unfortunately, it comes in many shapes and forms, and you cannot always be sure of the quality of what you are buying. The Journal of the American Medical Association study was conducted with a ginkgo preparation called EGb 761 at a dose of 120 mg daily. This dose seems to be reasonable because it was associated with a mild positive effect in dementia while producing virtually no side effects.
If you decide to take ginkgo regularly, bear in mind that its promemory effects have been quite small in the studies conducted to date. Ginkgo biloba can play a useful role in a memory-lossprevention program, but by itself it is unlikely to be the panacea, the magic potion, to prevent agerelated memory loss.
Ginseng
Ginseng root preparations, used extensively in Chinese medicine for centuries, are now popular across Asia, Europe, and the United States. In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, its medicinal properties achieved such fame that fortunes were paid for prize roots, as if they were rare diamonds. The reasoning behind ginseng’s use is that it repairs yang energy. It is believed to have broad antiaging effects and is often given to treat fatigue and impotence. Male rats fed on ginseng initiate sexual activity much faster than rats that do not receive ginseng.
Taken From: The Memory Program How to Prevent Memory Loss
and Enhance Memory Power
"
["date_timestamp"]=>
int(1252814318)
}
[40]=>
array(13) {
["title"]=>
string(57) "Noontropics Don’t Help Age-Associated Memory Impairment"
["link"]=>
string(33) "http://harmonyinarcata.com/?p=439"
["comments"]=>
string(42) "http://harmonyinarcata.com/?p=439#comments"
["pubdate"]=>
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["description"]=>
string(367) "Tom Crook conducted a number of studies with nootropics in subjects with age-associated memory impairment. After investing a great deal of time, energy, and pharmaceutical industry money, he concluded that nootropics like piracetam and pramiracetam cannot be recommended as a treatment for mild memory loss during the aging process. I agree and am not including [...]"
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string(2956) "Tom Crook conducted a number of studies with nootropics in subjects with age-associated memory impairment. After investing a great deal of time, energy, and pharmaceutical industry money, he concluded that nootropics like piracetam and pramiracetam cannot be recommended as a treatment for mild memory loss during the aging process. I agree and am not including this class of compounds in my recommended list of promemory medications.
CHAPTER 19
Estrogen
Cynthia’s Story
Cynthia Holmes, an elderly African-American woman, began with the statement that she was not sure if she was coming to the right place. Her sister thought she was getting depressed and her friends told her she was not as mentally sharp as she used to be, but Cynthia herself felt that her problems were too minor to merit seeing a doctor. The ravages of osteoarthritis had reduced her height from six feet to five feet nine inches, and she shuffled into my office looking as if a strong
wind was behind her back, bending her over. Her face was heavily lined with wrinkles, and she displayed a listless, apathetic look. I guessed that she was around eighty years old, but in fact she was only sixty-four. She said she was forgetting names more often, found it difficult to keep track of her checks and monthly bills, and tended to forget the sequence of cards during games that she occasionally played with friends. She also reported low energy and fatigue, and a loss of interest in crocheting and other hobbies that she used to enjoy. She had retired at the age of sixty from a clerical job, and since that time she had developed a somewhat negative, pessimistic outlook on life. She did not have any difficulty in sleeping, there was no change in her appetite, and her interest in sex was lower than what it used to be, a change that she attributed to the loss of her husband from a stroke
eight years earlier.
She did not feel that she had significant memory loss or depression because, as she put it, “You know, I think it’s normal to lose your memory a little, to feel a bit low about getting old. My body doesn’t function the way it should. Many in my family have died, and some of my friends have passed away too. At my age, I don’t see how things are going to get better for me.”
She had come to our Memory Disorders Center at the insistence of her sister Myra, who had become worried about the changes that she had observed. When Myra walked into the office a few minutes later, the contrast between the two women was so striking that I momentarily wondered if the two were even related. Myra was well built, bouncy on her feet, and had a jovial, lively manner that lit up her face and was quite endearing.
Taken From: The Memory Program How to Prevent Memory Loss
and Enhance Memory Power
"
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string(367) "Tom Crook conducted a number of studies with nootropics in subjects with age-associated memory impairment. After investing a great deal of time, energy, and pharmaceutical industry money, he concluded that nootropics like piracetam and pramiracetam cannot be recommended as a treatment for mild memory loss during the aging process. I agree and am not including [...]"
["atom_content"]=>
string(2956) "Tom Crook conducted a number of studies with nootropics in subjects with age-associated memory impairment. After investing a great deal of time, energy, and pharmaceutical industry money, he concluded that nootropics like piracetam and pramiracetam cannot be recommended as a treatment for mild memory loss during the aging process. I agree and am not including this class of compounds in my recommended list of promemory medications.
CHAPTER 19
Estrogen
Cynthia’s Story
Cynthia Holmes, an elderly African-American woman, began with the statement that she was not sure if she was coming to the right place. Her sister thought she was getting depressed and her friends told her she was not as mentally sharp as she used to be, but Cynthia herself felt that her problems were too minor to merit seeing a doctor. The ravages of osteoarthritis had reduced her height from six feet to five feet nine inches, and she shuffled into my office looking as if a strong
wind was behind her back, bending her over. Her face was heavily lined with wrinkles, and she displayed a listless, apathetic look. I guessed that she was around eighty years old, but in fact she was only sixty-four. She said she was forgetting names more often, found it difficult to keep track of her checks and monthly bills, and tended to forget the sequence of cards during games that she occasionally played with friends. She also reported low energy and fatigue, and a loss of interest in crocheting and other hobbies that she used to enjoy. She had retired at the age of sixty from a clerical job, and since that time she had developed a somewhat negative, pessimistic outlook on life. She did not have any difficulty in sleeping, there was no change in her appetite, and her interest in sex was lower than what it used to be, a change that she attributed to the loss of her husband from a stroke
eight years earlier.
She did not feel that she had significant memory loss or depression because, as she put it, “You know, I think it’s normal to lose your memory a little, to feel a bit low about getting old. My body doesn’t function the way it should. Many in my family have died, and some of my friends have passed away too. At my age, I don’t see how things are going to get better for me.”
She had come to our Memory Disorders Center at the insistence of her sister Myra, who had become worried about the changes that she had observed. When Myra walked into the office a few minutes later, the contrast between the two women was so striking that I momentarily wondered if the two were even related. Myra was well built, bouncy on her feet, and had a jovial, lively manner that lit up her face and was quite endearing.
Taken From: The Memory Program How to Prevent Memory Loss
and Enhance Memory Power
"
["date_timestamp"]=>
int(1252548343)
}
[41]=>
array(13) {
["title"]=>
string(43) "Actions of Piracetam and Related Nootropics"
["link"]=>
string(33) "http://harmonyinarcata.com/?p=437"
["comments"]=>
string(42) "http://harmonyinarcata.com/?p=437#comments"
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["description"]=>
string(396) "In animal studies, they increase glucose metabolism in nerve cells.
In other animal studies, piracetam increased the number of acetylcholine receptors and the amount of acetylcholine released into synapses.
In the laboratory, nootropics can boost memory in animals and reverse memory loss induced by toxic drugs.
Piracetam may improve communication between the right and left halves of the [...]"
["content"]=>
array(1) {
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string(2368) "In animal studies, they increase glucose metabolism in nerve cells.
In other animal studies, piracetam increased the number of acetylcholine receptors and the amount of acetylcholine released into synapses.
In the laboratory, nootropics can boost memory in animals and reverse memory loss induced by toxic drugs.
Piracetam may improve communication between the right and left halves of the brain. Since this informational transfer and integration may be linked to creativity, many artists and writers in Europe take it for this purpose.
Piracetam has a very small effect in enhancing cognitive performance in normal elderly people and in children with learning disabilities. It may improve attention span and the integration of information.
Nootropics are claimed to minimize damage from stroke; data are minimal.
Nootropics to Treat Dementia
Efforts to use piracetam by itself to treat Alzheimer’s disease have met with failure. In a handful of Alzheimer’s patients, combining piracetam with choline for a week led to some improvement. Piracetam’s ability to increase cholinergic transmission suggests that combining it with cholinesterase inhibitors like donepezil may be a good idea, but this approach has not been tested in long-term clinical trials. In a small study, pramiracetam seemed to work against memory loss in patients who previously suffered head injuries. Unfortunately, most nootropic research has been fairly shoddy and often misused to make fairly tall claims about their clinical utility.
The main advantage of all the nootropics is that they are relatively harmless, with few to no side effects. Doses of pramiracetam, for example, can range from 12.5 mg all the way to 400 mg daily, and most patients do not experience side effects, even at the highest dose.
Piracetam, the main nootropic medication, has been marketed since 1972, and is available in more than eighty countries, including many in Europe, but not in the United States. Inconsistent results have failed to convince the FDA to give its stamp of approval to any nootropic as a treatment for dementia or other memory disorders.
Taken From: The Memory Program How to Prevent Memory Loss
and Enhance Memory Power
"
}
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string(396) "In animal studies, they increase glucose metabolism in nerve cells.
In other animal studies, piracetam increased the number of acetylcholine receptors and the amount of acetylcholine released into synapses.
In the laboratory, nootropics can boost memory in animals and reverse memory loss induced by toxic drugs.
Piracetam may improve communication between the right and left halves of the [...]"
["atom_content"]=>
string(2368) "In animal studies, they increase glucose metabolism in nerve cells.
In other animal studies, piracetam increased the number of acetylcholine receptors and the amount of acetylcholine released into synapses.
In the laboratory, nootropics can boost memory in animals and reverse memory loss induced by toxic drugs.
Piracetam may improve communication between the right and left halves of the brain. Since this informational transfer and integration may be linked to creativity, many artists and writers in Europe take it for this purpose.
Piracetam has a very small effect in enhancing cognitive performance in normal elderly people and in children with learning disabilities. It may improve attention span and the integration of information.
Nootropics are claimed to minimize damage from stroke; data are minimal.
Nootropics to Treat Dementia
Efforts to use piracetam by itself to treat Alzheimer’s disease have met with failure. In a handful of Alzheimer’s patients, combining piracetam with choline for a week led to some improvement. Piracetam’s ability to increase cholinergic transmission suggests that combining it with cholinesterase inhibitors like donepezil may be a good idea, but this approach has not been tested in long-term clinical trials. In a small study, pramiracetam seemed to work against memory loss in patients who previously suffered head injuries. Unfortunately, most nootropic research has been fairly shoddy and often misused to make fairly tall claims about their clinical utility.
The main advantage of all the nootropics is that they are relatively harmless, with few to no side effects. Doses of pramiracetam, for example, can range from 12.5 mg all the way to 400 mg daily, and most patients do not experience side effects, even at the highest dose.
Piracetam, the main nootropic medication, has been marketed since 1972, and is available in more than eighty countries, including many in Europe, but not in the United States. Inconsistent results have failed to convince the FDA to give its stamp of approval to any nootropic as a treatment for dementia or other memory disorders.
Taken From: The Memory Program How to Prevent Memory Loss
and Enhance Memory Power
"
["date_timestamp"]=>
int(1252288801)
}
[42]=>
array(13) {
["title"]=>
string(28) "Affiliation: Create the Link"
["link"]=>
string(33) "http://harmonyinarcata.com/?p=311"
["comments"]=>
string(42) "http://harmonyinarcata.com/?p=311#comments"
["pubdate"]=>
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["description"]=>
string(346) "Another aspect of the Law of Association is the use of affiliation. Persuaders want you to affiliate their company with positive images, feelings, and attitudes. We tend to affiliate our feelings with our surroundings and environment and then transfer our feelings to those we are with. For example, one frequently used technique is to take [...]"
["content"]=>
array(1) {
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string(1520) "Another aspect of the Law of Association is the use of affiliation. Persuaders want you to affiliate their company with positive images, feelings, and attitudes. We tend to affiliate our feelings with our surroundings and environment and then transfer our feelings to those we are with. For example, one frequently used technique is to take the prospect to lunch. Why? Because people like whom they are with and what they experience while they are eating (if the food and company are good). The idea is to link something positive in the environment with your message.
For example, a good game of golf, a weekend at the beach, NFL tickets, or an exotic cruise would all typically build positive associations and feelings in your prospects. Do you remember ever noticing how, after a crushing victory, sweatshirts sporting the university’s logo were seen all over the place? People want to be associated with winners. In fact, a study showed that when a university football team won, more students would wear that college’s sweatshirts. The bigger the victory, the more college sweatshirts become visible. When you bring positive stimuli into the situation, you will be associated with the pleasant feeling you have created.
We are now going to discuss the four different affiliation techniques that are most often used: advertising, sponsorships, images, and color. Each of these has a unique role in affiliation.
Taken From : Maximum Influence : The 12 Universal Laws of power Persuasion
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string(346) "Another aspect of the Law of Association is the use of affiliation. Persuaders want you to affiliate their company with positive images, feelings, and attitudes. We tend to affiliate our feelings with our surroundings and environment and then transfer our feelings to those we are with. For example, one frequently used technique is to take [...]"
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string(1520) "Another aspect of the Law of Association is the use of affiliation. Persuaders want you to affiliate their company with positive images, feelings, and attitudes. We tend to affiliate our feelings with our surroundings and environment and then transfer our feelings to those we are with. For example, one frequently used technique is to take the prospect to lunch. Why? Because people like whom they are with and what they experience while they are eating (if the food and company are good). The idea is to link something positive in the environment with your message.
For example, a good game of golf, a weekend at the beach, NFL tickets, or an exotic cruise would all typically build positive associations and feelings in your prospects. Do you remember ever noticing how, after a crushing victory, sweatshirts sporting the university’s logo were seen all over the place? People want to be associated with winners. In fact, a study showed that when a university football team won, more students would wear that college’s sweatshirts. The bigger the victory, the more college sweatshirts become visible. When you bring positive stimuli into the situation, you will be associated with the pleasant feeling you have created.
We are now going to discuss the four different affiliation techniques that are most often used: advertising, sponsorships, images, and color. Each of these has a unique role in affiliation.
Taken From : Maximum Influence : The 12 Universal Laws of power Persuasion
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array(13) {
["title"]=>
string(23) "Properties of Hydergine"
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string(440) "1. Increases blood flow and glucose utilization in the brain.
2. Indirectly helps decrease free-radical formation.
3. Stimulates the production of the neurotransmitters norepinephrine and dopamine, which help to maintain attention and alertness (mental arousal, vigilance). These actions may account for hydergine’s activating and mild mood-elevating effects, which occur in some
people.
The Bottom Line on Hydergine
As you may [...]"
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string(2430) "1. Increases blood flow and glucose utilization in the brain.
2. Indirectly helps decrease free-radical formation.
3. Stimulates the production of the neurotransmitters norepinephrine and dopamine, which help to maintain attention and alertness (mental arousal, vigilance). These actions may account for hydergine’s activating and mild mood-elevating effects, which occur in some
people.
The Bottom Line on Hydergine
As you may have gathered, I am not a great fan of hydergine, and neither are most physicians these days. I think of it as a mildly activating agent in some cases, without any measurable effect on
memory. The advent of vitamin E, ginkgo biloba, cholinesterase inhibitors, phosphatidylserine, and several other promemory agents has pushed hydergine far into the background. Most physicians have
stopped prescribing hydergine because there are so many other treatment options. If you or someone close to you is on hydergine, note that the standard U.S. prescription dose is 3 mg per day, but in Europe doses of 9 to 12 mg per day are often prescribed without any apparent problems. In a few countries like Mexico, you can get hydergine over-the-counter. Since it is off patent, you can now get cheaper generic products even in the United States. The main advantage is that there are very few side effects with this medication. Nausea, stomach upset, and headache can rarely occur, but these symptoms tend to be mild.
Nootropics: Drugs Meant to Make You Smarter
Nootropics, called ‘‘smart drugs” by some aficionados, refer to a wide range of potential memoryenhancing medications. Over time, the term has become restricted to describe a relatively narrow class of medications. Nootropics were developed with the idea that they would work not only for people with memory disorders but would also improve cognitive performance in normal individuals. The hope was that somehow these medications would help nerve cells sprout and form connections with other nerve cells, but there are no sound experimental data to back this idea.
Piracetam, oxiracetam, aniracetam, and pramiracetam (all derived from pyrrolidone) are the most widely used nootropic compounds.
Taken From: The Memory Program How to Prevent Memory Loss
and Enhance Memory Power
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string(440) "1. Increases blood flow and glucose utilization in the brain.
2. Indirectly helps decrease free-radical formation.
3. Stimulates the production of the neurotransmitters norepinephrine and dopamine, which help to maintain attention and alertness (mental arousal, vigilance). These actions may account for hydergine’s activating and mild mood-elevating effects, which occur in some
people.
The Bottom Line on Hydergine
As you may [...]"
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string(2430) "1. Increases blood flow and glucose utilization in the brain.
2. Indirectly helps decrease free-radical formation.
3. Stimulates the production of the neurotransmitters norepinephrine and dopamine, which help to maintain attention and alertness (mental arousal, vigilance). These actions may account for hydergine’s activating and mild mood-elevating effects, which occur in some
people.
The Bottom Line on Hydergine
As you may have gathered, I am not a great fan of hydergine, and neither are most physicians these days. I think of it as a mildly activating agent in some cases, without any measurable effect on
memory. The advent of vitamin E, ginkgo biloba, cholinesterase inhibitors, phosphatidylserine, and several other promemory agents has pushed hydergine far into the background. Most physicians have
stopped prescribing hydergine because there are so many other treatment options. If you or someone close to you is on hydergine, note that the standard U.S. prescription dose is 3 mg per day, but in Europe doses of 9 to 12 mg per day are often prescribed without any apparent problems. In a few countries like Mexico, you can get hydergine over-the-counter. Since it is off patent, you can now get cheaper generic products even in the United States. The main advantage is that there are very few side effects with this medication. Nausea, stomach upset, and headache can rarely occur, but these symptoms tend to be mild.
Nootropics: Drugs Meant to Make You Smarter
Nootropics, called ‘‘smart drugs” by some aficionados, refer to a wide range of potential memoryenhancing medications. Over time, the term has become restricted to describe a relatively narrow class of medications. Nootropics were developed with the idea that they would work not only for people with memory disorders but would also improve cognitive performance in normal individuals. The hope was that somehow these medications would help nerve cells sprout and form connections with other nerve cells, but there are no sound experimental data to back this idea.
Piracetam, oxiracetam, aniracetam, and pramiracetam (all derived from pyrrolidone) are the most widely used nootropic compounds.
Taken From: The Memory Program How to Prevent Memory Loss
and Enhance Memory Power
"
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[44]=>
array(13) {
["title"]=>
string(20) "The Might of Symbols"
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string(322) "We live in an especially symbolic world. Symbols bypass our thoughts and our logic and they affect our perceptions and behaviors. Take gold, for example. As one of the world’s most precious metals, gold is very symbolic of wealth and success. Countless stories are told of the search for gold. But, if you stop and [...]"
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string(2789) "We live in an especially symbolic world. Symbols bypass our thoughts and our logic and they affect our perceptions and behaviors. Take gold, for example. As one of the world’s most precious metals, gold is very symbolic of wealth and success. Countless stories are told of the search for gold. But, if you stop and think about it, there are other precious metals that are harder to find and far more precious. Gold, however, just holds a certain symbolism; it denotes success and wealth.
Symbols can also help us understand and feel a message without actually having to undergo the experience. For example, a skull and crossbones on poison says it all—we don’t have to ingest the poison to know of the fatal experience. The simple symbol of a red stop sign triggers an automatic response. For many, the sight of a police car on the highway will also trigger the automatic braking response.
Think of these symbols as you read the list and pay attention to the feelings, memories, attitudes, and experiences they trigger in your mind:
Crucifix
Star of David
Statue of Liberty
World Trade Center
American flag
Swastika
Military uniform
Olympic symbols
Wedding dress
Christmas tree
When you are trying to mold attitude as a persuader, it is useful to know how symbols shape the attitudes of your audience. Make careful study and research of the symbols you want to use before you employ them. If used well, they will influence your audience’s feelings and behavior to your benefit. Marketing and advertising executives use symbols in a very sophisticated way to manipulate consumers. For example, did you know that the average child recognizes McDonald’s’ arches before he or she is even twenty months old?[8] There are symbols of freedom, symbols of success, and symbols of poverty. Find and use the symbols you need to create the proper association with your prospect.
[3]M. Schleidt and B. Hold, ‘‘Human Odour and Identity,’’ in Olfaction and Endocrine Regulation, W. Breipohl, editor (London: IRL Press, 1982), pp. 181– 194.
[4]Robert A. Baron, ‘‘Sweet Smell of Success: The Impact of Pleasant Artificial Scents on Evaluations of Job Applicants,’’ Journal of Applied Psychology 68 (1983): 709–713.
[5 ]Ibid.
[6]G. H. S. Razran, ‘‘Conditioned Response Changes in Rating and Appraising Sociopolitical Slogans,’’ Psychological Bulletin 37 (1940): 481.
[7]Doug Murphy. See: www.ahwatukee.com/afn/community/articles/010704b.html
[8]David Leonhardt, with Kathleen Kerwin, ‘‘Hey Kid, Buy This!’’ Business Week, June 30, 1997.
Taken From : Maximum Influence : The 12 Universal Laws of power Persuasion
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string(322) "We live in an especially symbolic world. Symbols bypass our thoughts and our logic and they affect our perceptions and behaviors. Take gold, for example. As one of the world’s most precious metals, gold is very symbolic of wealth and success. Countless stories are told of the search for gold. But, if you stop and [...]"
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string(2789) "We live in an especially symbolic world. Symbols bypass our thoughts and our logic and they affect our perceptions and behaviors. Take gold, for example. As one of the world’s most precious metals, gold is very symbolic of wealth and success. Countless stories are told of the search for gold. But, if you stop and think about it, there are other precious metals that are harder to find and far more precious. Gold, however, just holds a certain symbolism; it denotes success and wealth.
Symbols can also help us understand and feel a message without actually having to undergo the experience. For example, a skull and crossbones on poison says it all—we don’t have to ingest the poison to know of the fatal experience. The simple symbol of a red stop sign triggers an automatic response. For many, the sight of a police car on the highway will also trigger the automatic braking response.
Think of these symbols as you read the list and pay attention to the feelings, memories, attitudes, and experiences they trigger in your mind:
Crucifix
Star of David
Statue of Liberty
World Trade Center
American flag
Swastika
Military uniform
Olympic symbols
Wedding dress
Christmas tree
When you are trying to mold attitude as a persuader, it is useful to know how symbols shape the attitudes of your audience. Make careful study and research of the symbols you want to use before you employ them. If used well, they will influence your audience’s feelings and behavior to your benefit. Marketing and advertising executives use symbols in a very sophisticated way to manipulate consumers. For example, did you know that the average child recognizes McDonald’s’ arches before he or she is even twenty months old?[8] There are symbols of freedom, symbols of success, and symbols of poverty. Find and use the symbols you need to create the proper association with your prospect.
[3]M. Schleidt and B. Hold, ‘‘Human Odour and Identity,’’ in Olfaction and Endocrine Regulation, W. Breipohl, editor (London: IRL Press, 1982), pp. 181– 194.
[4]Robert A. Baron, ‘‘Sweet Smell of Success: The Impact of Pleasant Artificial Scents on Evaluations of Job Applicants,’’ Journal of Applied Psychology 68 (1983): 709–713.
[5 ]Ibid.
[6]G. H. S. Razran, ‘‘Conditioned Response Changes in Rating and Appraising Sociopolitical Slogans,’’ Psychological Bulletin 37 (1940): 481.
[7]Doug Murphy. See: www.ahwatukee.com/afn/community/articles/010704b.html
[8]David Leonhardt, with Kathleen Kerwin, ‘‘Hey Kid, Buy This!’’ Business Week, June 30, 1997.
Taken From : Maximum Influence : The 12 Universal Laws of power Persuasion
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["title"]=>
string(41) "Getting the Eyeglasses in the Online Shop"
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string(325) "There are so many excellent stuff that we would be able to get in the internet. For some people, the internet provides so many interesting stuffs for them. The internet even provides some awesome shopping tips for us.
When we need the eyeglasses, we may get the perfect one in the Zennioptical.com. This is the ultimate [...]"
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When we need the eyeglasses, we may get the perfect one in the Zennioptical.com. This is the ultimate site that could give us some excellent products. You may get the prescription eyeglasses in the site and you also could get some awesome fashion eyeglasses. In this site, you would be able to get the $ 8 Rx eyeglasses as well. I could get My favorite high fashion eyeglasses as well.
In the Cbn.com, you would be able to get some excellent tips such as the How You Can Start Spending Smart tips. These are surely some important tips that you would need before you start the online shopping.
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string(325) "There are so many excellent stuff that we would be able to get in the internet. For some people, the internet provides so many interesting stuffs for them. The internet even provides some awesome shopping tips for us.
When we need the eyeglasses, we may get the perfect one in the Zennioptical.com. This is the ultimate [...]"
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string(984) "There are so many excellent stuff that we would be able to get in the internet. For some people, the internet provides so many interesting stuffs for them. The internet even provides some awesome shopping tips for us.
When we need the eyeglasses, we may get the perfect one in the Zennioptical.com. This is the ultimate site that could give us some excellent products. You may get the prescription eyeglasses in the site and you also could get some awesome fashion eyeglasses. In this site, you would be able to get the $ 8 Rx eyeglasses as well. I could get My favorite high fashion eyeglasses as well.
In the Cbn.com, you would be able to get some excellent tips such as the How You Can Start Spending Smart tips. These are surely some important tips that you would need before you start the online shopping.
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array(13) {
["title"]=>
string(29) "Repeating and Repackaging (1)"
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string(284) "The more you expose someone to a particular concept or idea, the more that concept or idea will become favorable to them. Things do grow on us. Have you ever heard a song on the radio that you didn’t like until it started to grow on you? This is also true with people. You may [...]"
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string(3111) "The more you expose someone to a particular concept or idea, the more that concept or idea will become favorable to them. Things do grow on us. Have you ever heard a song on the radio that you didn’t like until it started to grow on you? This is also true with people. You may not like some people at first, but after awhile you grow to like them, and sometimes you even become their friend. Ever wonder why politicians want signs and posters with their names and faces all over everyone’s yards, street corners, bumpers, and windows? The use of repetition can be very effective. It is often said that repetition is the mother of all learning, but it is also the mother of effective persuasion. Repetition increases awareness, understanding, and retention.
You have to be careful to use repetition wisely, however. My motto is, ‘‘Repackage; Don’t Repeat.’’ This means you can use the power of repetition, but you don’t always have to say the words exactly the same way. You can make the same point with a story, a fact, a statistic, an analogy, or a testimony and never have to repeat yourself. You know how you feel when you hear the exact same joke for the second or even third time—it doesn’t carry the same punch as it did the first time, so you usually tune out.
Even when repackaging, keep it to no more than three times. If you present your message less than three times, it will not have a very strong effect. If you present your message more than three times, it becomes ‘‘worn out’’ and loses its potency. For example, in a study where children were shown the same ice cream commercial over and over while watching a cartoon, the children who saw the commercial three times actually wanted the ice cream more than those who had seen the commercial five times.[21] In another study, students were told they were to judge the sound quality of audiocassettes. What the researchers were really searching for, however, was the varying responses after having heard the recorded message one, three, or five times. The message discussed support of an increase in university spending via visitor luxury tax or increased student tuition. Students actually favored the argument for the luxury tax with up to three repetitions, but at five repetitions, their favor for this argument declined.[22]
Another aspect of repetition is persistence. If you have ever been in sales, you know that the most successful salespeople are the most persistent; they keep nudging until the sale is made. Most sales reps try to close the sale only once or twice, but we know the average person has to be asked five to six times before a sale takes place. Many people are afraid to ask again and again. We tend to think that if we ask someone to do something and they say they’ll think about, that they will. Well, I hate to break the news to you, but they don’t. We forget. Our lives are busy. That is why repetition and persistence increase your involvement and your ability to persuade.
Taken From : Maximum Influence : The 12 Universal Laws of power Persuasion
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string(284) "The more you expose someone to a particular concept or idea, the more that concept or idea will become favorable to them. Things do grow on us. Have you ever heard a song on the radio that you didn’t like until it started to grow on you? This is also true with people. You may [...]"
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string(3111) "The more you expose someone to a particular concept or idea, the more that concept or idea will become favorable to them. Things do grow on us. Have you ever heard a song on the radio that you didn’t like until it started to grow on you? This is also true with people. You may not like some people at first, but after awhile you grow to like them, and sometimes you even become their friend. Ever wonder why politicians want signs and posters with their names and faces all over everyone’s yards, street corners, bumpers, and windows? The use of repetition can be very effective. It is often said that repetition is the mother of all learning, but it is also the mother of effective persuasion. Repetition increases awareness, understanding, and retention.
You have to be careful to use repetition wisely, however. My motto is, ‘‘Repackage; Don’t Repeat.’’ This means you can use the power of repetition, but you don’t always have to say the words exactly the same way. You can make the same point with a story, a fact, a statistic, an analogy, or a testimony and never have to repeat yourself. You know how you feel when you hear the exact same joke for the second or even third time—it doesn’t carry the same punch as it did the first time, so you usually tune out.
Even when repackaging, keep it to no more than three times. If you present your message less than three times, it will not have a very strong effect. If you present your message more than three times, it becomes ‘‘worn out’’ and loses its potency. For example, in a study where children were shown the same ice cream commercial over and over while watching a cartoon, the children who saw the commercial three times actually wanted the ice cream more than those who had seen the commercial five times.[21] In another study, students were told they were to judge the sound quality of audiocassettes. What the researchers were really searching for, however, was the varying responses after having heard the recorded message one, three, or five times. The message discussed support of an increase in university spending via visitor luxury tax or increased student tuition. Students actually favored the argument for the luxury tax with up to three repetitions, but at five repetitions, their favor for this argument declined.[22]
Another aspect of repetition is persistence. If you have ever been in sales, you know that the most successful salespeople are the most persistent; they keep nudging until the sale is made. Most sales reps try to close the sale only once or twice, but we know the average person has to be asked five to six times before a sale takes place. Many people are afraid to ask again and again. We tend to think that if we ask someone to do something and they say they’ll think about, that they will. Well, I hate to break the news to you, but they don’t. We forget. Our lives are busy. That is why repetition and persistence increase your involvement and your ability to persuade.
Taken From : Maximum Influence : The 12 Universal Laws of power Persuasion
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array(13) {
["title"]=>
string(43) "Phosphatidylserine: Dosage and Side Effects"
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string(361) "Phosphatidylserine (PS) 300 mg daily for six to eight weeks should be followed by 100 mg daily for maintenance therapy, based on the notion that a smaller dose is sufficient after the neuronal cell membranes have been saturated with phosphatidylserine. Astonishingly, the research studies indicate virtually no side effects. This makes the physician in me [...]"
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string(3633) "Phosphatidylserine (PS) 300 mg daily for six to eight weeks should be followed by 100 mg daily for maintenance therapy, based on the notion that a smaller dose is sufficient after the neuronal cell membranes have been saturated with phosphatidylserine. Astonishingly, the research studies indicate virtually no side effects. This makes the physician in me slightly nervous, because the medication without any side effects has yet to be invented. In particular, the possible side effects of long-term daily intake have not been properly assessed. If phosphatidylserine is used by tens of thousands of people, it is likely that we will hear more about its side effects, especially side effects that occur in only a small subgroup of vulnerable individuals.
Given the fair amount of information available on the use of PS to treat mild memory loss, it is somewhat surprising that it has not caught the public’s attention. A large proportion of patients with mild memory loss who come to our Memory Disorders Center take vitamin E or ginkgo biloba, but hardly anyone takes PS. One reason may be that there has been no large-scale clinical trial in Alzheimer’s disease, which is necessary for any compound to reach the headlines as a treatment for
memory loss. But the fact that most phosphatidylserine studies were conducted in people who had mild memory loss, and not clinical disorders like Alzheimer’s disease, is an added plus for your purposes.
Hydergine: The First FDA-Approved Antidementia Medication
Hydergine is derived from ergot alkaloids (present in rye fungus) that are also used in antimigraine medications. The drug company Sandoz (now part of Novartis) began to study hydergine after it learned that ergot alkaloids were used by nontraditional practitioners to lower a pregnant mother’s blood pressure during childbirth. Sandoz’s goal was to use hydergine to lower blood pressure and the risk of stroke; this didn’t pan out, but they did manage to get it approved as a treatment for dementia.
From the 1980s into the early 1990s, I saw a large number of patients suffering from dementia who took hydergine. General practitioners or internists usually prescribed it to these patients. On occasion, I myself prescribed hydergine to patients with dementia when, out of desperation, family members insisted that I prescribe something, anything, even if there wasn’t any solid evidence supporting the medication’s use.
At that time, hydergine was the only medication approved in the United States for the treatment of dementia. If the data on this compound were presented to today’s hypervigilant FDA, it probably would not win approval as a memory-enhancing medication. In the patients with dementia who took hydergine, I observed the following:
no change in memory
a rare patient or two who became more alert with increased mental arousal
no obvious side effects at the standard doses recommended in the Physicians’ Desk Reference (PDR)
In other words, I thought of it as similar to placebo, but in the absence of other available options, it wasn’t such a bad choice. My approach in prescribing such a medication was to make the patient and family members fully aware that the chances of significant improvement were extremely low, but that it might be worth a shot given the lack of other available options.
Taken From: The Memory Program How to Prevent Memory Loss
and Enhance Memory Power
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string(3633) "Phosphatidylserine (PS) 300 mg daily for six to eight weeks should be followed by 100 mg daily for maintenance therapy, based on the notion that a smaller dose is sufficient after the neuronal cell membranes have been saturated with phosphatidylserine. Astonishingly, the research studies indicate virtually no side effects. This makes the physician in me slightly nervous, because the medication without any side effects has yet to be invented. In particular, the possible side effects of long-term daily intake have not been properly assessed. If phosphatidylserine is used by tens of thousands of people, it is likely that we will hear more about its side effects, especially side effects that occur in only a small subgroup of vulnerable individuals.
Given the fair amount of information available on the use of PS to treat mild memory loss, it is somewhat surprising that it has not caught the public’s attention. A large proportion of patients with mild memory loss who come to our Memory Disorders Center take vitamin E or ginkgo biloba, but hardly anyone takes PS. One reason may be that there has been no large-scale clinical trial in Alzheimer’s disease, which is necessary for any compound to reach the headlines as a treatment for
memory loss. But the fact that most phosphatidylserine studies were conducted in people who had mild memory loss, and not clinical disorders like Alzheimer’s disease, is an added plus for your purposes.
Hydergine: The First FDA-Approved Antidementia Medication
Hydergine is derived from ergot alkaloids (present in rye fungus) that are also used in antimigraine medications. The drug company Sandoz (now part of Novartis) began to study hydergine after it learned that ergot alkaloids were used by nontraditional practitioners to lower a pregnant mother’s blood pressure during childbirth. Sandoz’s goal was to use hydergine to lower blood pressure and the risk of stroke; this didn’t pan out, but they did manage to get it approved as a treatment for dementia.
From the 1980s into the early 1990s, I saw a large number of patients suffering from dementia who took hydergine. General practitioners or internists usually prescribed it to these patients. On occasion, I myself prescribed hydergine to patients with dementia when, out of desperation, family members insisted that I prescribe something, anything, even if there wasn’t any solid evidence supporting the medication’s use.
At that time, hydergine was the only medication approved in the United States for the treatment of dementia. If the data on this compound were presented to today’s hypervigilant FDA, it probably would not win approval as a memory-enhancing medication. In the patients with dementia who took hydergine, I observed the following:
no change in memory
a rare patient or two who became more alert with increased mental arousal
no obvious side effects at the standard doses recommended in the Physicians’ Desk Reference (PDR)
In other words, I thought of it as similar to placebo, but in the absence of other available options, it wasn’t such a bad choice. My approach in prescribing such a medication was to make the patient and family members fully aware that the chances of significant improvement were extremely low, but that it might be worth a shot given the lack of other available options.
Taken From: The Memory Program How to Prevent Memory Loss
and Enhance Memory Power
"
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[48]=>
array(13) {
["title"]=>
string(16) "Clinical Studies"
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string(452) "Italian researchers evaluated phosphatidylserine in small-scale uncontrolled clinical trials, each in approximately thirty volunteer subjects who had minimal memory deficits. Phosphatidylserine showed memory-enhancing properties in these subjects. Later, several placebo-controlled trials were conducted, some by European researchers and a few by Dr. Thomas Crook, an American psychologist who has worked closely with the pharmaceutical companies [...]"
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string(2830) "Italian researchers evaluated phosphatidylserine in small-scale uncontrolled clinical trials, each in approximately thirty volunteer subjects who had minimal memory deficits. Phosphatidylserine showed memory-enhancing properties in these subjects. Later, several placebo-controlled trials were conducted, some by European researchers and a few by Dr. Thomas Crook, an American psychologist who has worked closely with the pharmaceutical companies in trying to find a treatment
for ‘‘age-associated memory impairment.”
This narrow diagnostic category is defined by poor performance on a few neuropsychological tests, and represents only part of the population with agerelated memory loss. In several studies of people with age-associated memory impairment, phosphatidylserine was superior to placebo on specific neuropsychological measures. If you tend to forget names, take heart: phosphatidylserine has been shown to be helpful for that very symptom. In these studies, the consistency, more than the size, of the cognitive improvement was impressive. Hence I place phosphatidylserine near die top of my list of medications that you can take for agerelated memory loss, and to prevent the onset of age-related memory loss.
A Few Words of Caution
A few words of caution before you jump headfirst onto the phosphatidylserine bandwagon: nearly all studies so far have involved fewer than fifty people, meaning that fewer than twenty-five people received phosphatidylserine and fewer than twenty-five people received placebo. Also, the duration of these clinical trials was usually six to twelve weeks. We don’t know if these people would have maintained cognitive improvement on phosphatidylserine over a period of several months to years, but this is quite possible.
Phosphatidylserine Products and Content
The amount of phosphatidylserine available in your diet, primarily through fish, soy beans, and green vegetables, is too little to have a significant promemory effect. The health food product derived from cow brains has given way to soy-based phosphatidylserine (mad cow disease was not responsible for this change), which should be of some comfort to those of you who are vegetarians. The content of phosphatidylserine varies among health food products. The label “Leci-PS” indicates that the product’s contents have been tested by a standard laboratory to ensure that it contains adequate amounts of phosphatidylserine, as claimed by the manufacturer of that particular brand. “Brain gum,” which contains phosphatidylserine, has gained popularity during the last few years.
Taken From: The Memory Program How to Prevent Memory Loss
and Enhance Memory Power
"
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string(452) "Italian researchers evaluated phosphatidylserine in small-scale uncontrolled clinical trials, each in approximately thirty volunteer subjects who had minimal memory deficits. Phosphatidylserine showed memory-enhancing properties in these subjects. Later, several placebo-controlled trials were conducted, some by European researchers and a few by Dr. Thomas Crook, an American psychologist who has worked closely with the pharmaceutical companies [...]"
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string(2830) "Italian researchers evaluated phosphatidylserine in small-scale uncontrolled clinical trials, each in approximately thirty volunteer subjects who had minimal memory deficits. Phosphatidylserine showed memory-enhancing properties in these subjects. Later, several placebo-controlled trials were conducted, some by European researchers and a few by Dr. Thomas Crook, an American psychologist who has worked closely with the pharmaceutical companies in trying to find a treatment
for ‘‘age-associated memory impairment.”
This narrow diagnostic category is defined by poor performance on a few neuropsychological tests, and represents only part of the population with agerelated memory loss. In several studies of people with age-associated memory impairment, phosphatidylserine was superior to placebo on specific neuropsychological measures. If you tend to forget names, take heart: phosphatidylserine has been shown to be helpful for that very symptom. In these studies, the consistency, more than the size, of the cognitive improvement was impressive. Hence I place phosphatidylserine near die top of my list of medications that you can take for agerelated memory loss, and to prevent the onset of age-related memory loss.
A Few Words of Caution
A few words of caution before you jump headfirst onto the phosphatidylserine bandwagon: nearly all studies so far have involved fewer than fifty people, meaning that fewer than twenty-five people received phosphatidylserine and fewer than twenty-five people received placebo. Also, the duration of these clinical trials was usually six to twelve weeks. We don’t know if these people would have maintained cognitive improvement on phosphatidylserine over a period of several months to years, but this is quite possible.
Phosphatidylserine Products and Content
The amount of phosphatidylserine available in your diet, primarily through fish, soy beans, and green vegetables, is too little to have a significant promemory effect. The health food product derived from cow brains has given way to soy-based phosphatidylserine (mad cow disease was not responsible for this change), which should be of some comfort to those of you who are vegetarians. The content of phosphatidylserine varies among health food products. The label “Leci-PS” indicates that the product’s contents have been tested by a standard laboratory to ensure that it contains adequate amounts of phosphatidylserine, as claimed by the manufacturer of that particular brand. “Brain gum,” which contains phosphatidylserine, has gained popularity during the last few years.
Taken From: The Memory Program How to Prevent Memory Loss
and Enhance Memory Power
"
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[49]=>
array(13) {
["title"]=>
string(28) "Anchors: Capture the Feeling"
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string(343) "Anchoring is a technique that captures the feelings, memories, and emotions of certain events, places, or things. The psychology behind the technique lies in the use of elements from a previous situation or circumstance to replay the emotions and feelings of that experience. An anchor can be anything that brings up a thought or feeling [...]"
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string(3700) "Anchoring is a technique that captures the feelings, memories, and emotions of certain events, places, or things. The psychology behind the technique lies in the use of elements from a previous situation or circumstance to replay the emotions and feelings of that experience. An anchor can be anything that brings up a thought or feeling and reminds you of something you have previously experienced. It will usually reproduce the exact emotion or feeling you experienced at the time. Remember the experiment of Pavlov’s dog? It’s the same idea: You use a certain stimulus to create an association that will bring about a particular response.
An anchor can be produced either externally or internally. Anchors don’t have to be conditioned over a period of several years to be established. They can be learned in a single event. The more powerful the experience, the stronger the anchor will be. Phobias are an excellent example: Most phobias are established after one single, intense experience. Here we’ll talk about three different sets of anchors: smells, music, and symbols. There are other elements (sights and taste) that can be used as anchors, but these three anchors are the most powerful stimuli in evoking memories in our minds.
Smells: The Aroma of Persuasion
Our sense of smell is so powerful that it can quickly trigger associations with memories and emotions. Our olfactory system is a primitive sense that is wired directly to the center of our brain. By four to six weeks, infants can tell the difference between their own mother’s scent and that of a stranger.[3]
Almost everyone has experienced situations in which a smell evoked a nostalgic (or not so nostalgic) memory. Think of the smells that take you back to your childhood. For some it is the smell of fresh baked bread, of freshly cut grass, or of the neighborhood swimming pool, etc. You can go back fifty years in a matter of seconds with the sense of smell.
Fragrances, aromas, and odors trigger memories, feelings, and attitudes in our minds. Smell can enhance or reinforce desired responses as well as positive and negative moods. There are multiple examples of this. Supermarkets with bakeries fill the air with the warm aroma of breads and coffee. Some children’s stores send baby powder through the air ducts. When you walk through the mall, the food merchants will make sure you smell their cookies, cinnamon rolls, and Chinese food. Real estate agents are famous for having homeowners bake bread before they have interested buyers tour the house. Large amusement parks will pipe in certain scents at certain times of the day to trigger responses and get immediate reaction. The use of smell in these instances is an attempt to link the seller’s products and services with a positive attitude, thereby inducing the shopper to buy. In the same way, you can link positive smells with your message to create a positive attitude in your prospects.
There have been numerous studies conducted on the bearing scent and fragrance have on association. A 1983 study conducted among undergraduate students found that female students wearing perfume were rated as more attractive by male students.[4] Scents were even found to improve scores on job evaluations in a study published by the Journal of Applied Psychology.[5 ]Of course, offensive odors can also be used (and actually have been used) to evoke a negative response. This technique was once used while campaign committees were rating and appraising political slogans. Not surprisingly, ratings for the slogans went down.[6]
Taken From : Maximum Influence : The 12 Universal Laws of power Persuasion
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string(343) "Anchoring is a technique that captures the feelings, memories, and emotions of certain events, places, or things. The psychology behind the technique lies in the use of elements from a previous situation or circumstance to replay the emotions and feelings of that experience. An anchor can be anything that brings up a thought or feeling [...]"
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string(3700) "Anchoring is a technique that captures the feelings, memories, and emotions of certain events, places, or things. The psychology behind the technique lies in the use of elements from a previous situation or circumstance to replay the emotions and feelings of that experience. An anchor can be anything that brings up a thought or feeling and reminds you of something you have previously experienced. It will usually reproduce the exact emotion or feeling you experienced at the time. Remember the experiment of Pavlov’s dog? It’s the same idea: You use a certain stimulus to create an association that will bring about a particular response.
An anchor can be produced either externally or internally. Anchors don’t have to be conditioned over a period of several years to be established. They can be learned in a single event. The more powerful the experience, the stronger the anchor will be. Phobias are an excellent example: Most phobias are established after one single, intense experience. Here we’ll talk about three different sets of anchors: smells, music, and symbols. There are other elements (sights and taste) that can be used as anchors, but these three anchors are the most powerful stimuli in evoking memories in our minds.
Smells: The Aroma of Persuasion
Our sense of smell is so powerful that it can quickly trigger associations with memories and emotions. Our olfactory system is a primitive sense that is wired directly to the center of our brain. By four to six weeks, infants can tell the difference between their own mother’s scent and that of a stranger.[3]
Almost everyone has experienced situations in which a smell evoked a nostalgic (or not so nostalgic) memory. Think of the smells that take you back to your childhood. For some it is the smell of fresh baked bread, of freshly cut grass, or of the neighborhood swimming pool, etc. You can go back fifty years in a matter of seconds with the sense of smell.
Fragrances, aromas, and odors trigger memories, feelings, and attitudes in our minds. Smell can enhance or reinforce desired responses as well as positive and negative moods. There are multiple examples of this. Supermarkets with bakeries fill the air with the warm aroma of breads and coffee. Some children’s stores send baby powder through the air ducts. When you walk through the mall, the food merchants will make sure you smell their cookies, cinnamon rolls, and Chinese food. Real estate agents are famous for having homeowners bake bread before they have interested buyers tour the house. Large amusement parks will pipe in certain scents at certain times of the day to trigger responses and get immediate reaction. The use of smell in these instances is an attempt to link the seller’s products and services with a positive attitude, thereby inducing the shopper to buy. In the same way, you can link positive smells with your message to create a positive attitude in your prospects.
There have been numerous studies conducted on the bearing scent and fragrance have on association. A 1983 study conducted among undergraduate students found that female students wearing perfume were rated as more attractive by male students.[4] Scents were even found to improve scores on job evaluations in a study published by the Journal of Applied Psychology.[5 ]Of course, offensive odors can also be used (and actually have been used) to evoke a negative response. This technique was once used while campaign committees were rating and appraising political slogans. Not surprisingly, ratings for the slogans went down.[6]
Taken From : Maximum Influence : The 12 Universal Laws of power Persuasion
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[50]=>
array(13) {
["title"]=>
string(36) "Luxurious Golf Vacation in Barcelona"
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string(31) "Fri, 14 Aug 2009 07:50:41 +0000"
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string(311) "Living in the urban area can be frustrating; it is not good for our mental and physical health. Let us take one simplest example, when we are opening our apartment window in early morning, we are directly welcomed by pollution that gives us bad mood and lungs disease. Whenever we have time, we can escape [...]"
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string(1546) "Living in the urban area can be frustrating; it is not good for our mental and physical health. Let us take one simplest example, when we are opening our apartment window in early morning, we are directly welcomed by pollution that gives us bad mood and lungs disease. Whenever we have time, we can escape from our routine by playing golf or having a golf vacation. Why golf? Playing golf is able to rejuvenate our body and soul. By walking on the golf field and breath the fresh air, we are automatically releasing endorphin; the process will give us a good mood.
On doing the swinging, we are training our hands and arms’ muscles. On the other side, when we are walking to our ball, we practice our leg muscles and burn many calories. With many advantages of golfing, now we can start to find the challenging golf field for our golf vacation. If we have long holiday, we can try Golf Barcelona.
The La Mola is the perfect Real Club de Golf El Prat. This first class Hotel La Mola and golf club is ready to make our golf vacation an exclusive and luxurious vacation. With their various facilities, this place can be the perfect location for business, family vacation, and even business meeting. We can visit Principal-hayley.com to get further information.
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string(311) "Living in the urban area can be frustrating; it is not good for our mental and physical health. Let us take one simplest example, when we are opening our apartment window in early morning, we are directly welcomed by pollution that gives us bad mood and lungs disease. Whenever we have time, we can escape [...]"
["atom_content"]=>
string(1546) "Living in the urban area can be frustrating; it is not good for our mental and physical health. Let us take one simplest example, when we are opening our apartment window in early morning, we are directly welcomed by pollution that gives us bad mood and lungs disease. Whenever we have time, we can escape from our routine by playing golf or having a golf vacation. Why golf? Playing golf is able to rejuvenate our body and soul. By walking on the golf field and breath the fresh air, we are automatically releasing endorphin; the process will give us a good mood.
On doing the swinging, we are training our hands and arms’ muscles. On the other side, when we are walking to our ball, we practice our leg muscles and burn many calories. With many advantages of golfing, now we can start to find the challenging golf field for our golf vacation. If we have long holiday, we can try Golf Barcelona.
The La Mola is the perfect Real Club de Golf El Prat. This first class Hotel La Mola and golf club is ready to make our golf vacation an exclusive and luxurious vacation. With their various facilities, this place can be the perfect location for business, family vacation, and even business meeting. We can visit Principal-hayley.com to get further information.
"
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array(13) {
["title"]=>
string(16) "Rational Choices"
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["pubdate"]=>
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string(385) "Enhancing cholinergic transmission using cholinergic compounds may be one of the most effective ways of treating, and possibly preventing, memory loss. Donepezil (Aricept) heads my recommended list, but high cost and the fact that it is a prescription medication are significant limitations. Exelon and Remmyl are alternatives to Aricept, but they are also expensive prescription [...]"
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string(3079) "Enhancing cholinergic transmission using cholinergic compounds may be one of the most effective ways of treating, and possibly preventing, memory loss. Donepezil (Aricept) heads my recommended list, but high cost and the fact that it is a prescription medication are significant limitations. Exelon and Remmyl are alternatives to Aricept, but they are also expensive prescription medications. If you would like to try other options, particularly if you prefer natural substances that you can obtain in health food stores, you can consider acetyl-l-carnitine or lecithin. But I’d like you to remember that the data on these other medications are not as convincing as they are for Aricept (or Exelon or Reminyl). Regardless of which agent you choose, the standard approach is to start at the lowest dose and increase it gradually until you reach the maximum dose that you can tolerate without side effects. Do not take more than one of these medications simultaneously, because the risk of toxicity increases.
CHAPTER 18
Medications That Stimulate Brain Function
PHOSPHATIDYLSERINE, HYDERGINE, and nootropics act via brain mechanisms other than acetylcholine.
Phosphatidylserine (PS) for Age-Related Memory Loss
Phosphatidylserine is a naturally occurring substance that is chemically similar to phosphatidylcholine, which is the active promemory ingredient in lecithin. But what is the basis for its use, and where does it fit into your memory program?
Physiologic Actions of Phosphatidylserine
Phosphatidylserine is present in the membrane that surrounds each cell, and it can alter the fluidity and functional state of these cell membranes. Stabilizing cell membranes may shield the nerve cell from injury and death.
Phosphatidylserine indirectly increases the production and release of several neurotransmitters, including epinephrine, norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine. These neurotransmitters, especially norepinephrine and dopamine, are known to improve attention, concentration, and alertness.
In aged mice, phosphatidylserine prevents, and partly reverses, age-related neurochemical changes. Mice receiving this com pound do not show the expected age-related decline in the ability to learn new information, such as figuring out how to traverse a maze.
Phosphatidylserine is a lipid, or fatty, substance and hence it crosses smoothly into the brain, unlike most water-soluble medications. This fat solubility makes it easy to navigate the blood-brain barrier, which is a natural boundary in capillaries or small blood vessels that prevents many
substances in the bloodstream from entering the brain. After radioactively labeled phosphatidylserine is taken by mouth, it can be detected in the brain with high concentrations in the hippocampus and
frontal cortex, areas responsible for memory.
Taken From: The Memory Program How to Prevent Memory Loss
and Enhance Memory Power
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string(3079) "Enhancing cholinergic transmission using cholinergic compounds may be one of the most effective ways of treating, and possibly preventing, memory loss. Donepezil (Aricept) heads my recommended list, but high cost and the fact that it is a prescription medication are significant limitations. Exelon and Remmyl are alternatives to Aricept, but they are also expensive prescription medications. If you would like to try other options, particularly if you prefer natural substances that you can obtain in health food stores, you can consider acetyl-l-carnitine or lecithin. But I’d like you to remember that the data on these other medications are not as convincing as they are for Aricept (or Exelon or Reminyl). Regardless of which agent you choose, the standard approach is to start at the lowest dose and increase it gradually until you reach the maximum dose that you can tolerate without side effects. Do not take more than one of these medications simultaneously, because the risk of toxicity increases.
CHAPTER 18
Medications That Stimulate Brain Function
PHOSPHATIDYLSERINE, HYDERGINE, and nootropics act via brain mechanisms other than acetylcholine.
Phosphatidylserine (PS) for Age-Related Memory Loss
Phosphatidylserine is a naturally occurring substance that is chemically similar to phosphatidylcholine, which is the active promemory ingredient in lecithin. But what is the basis for its use, and where does it fit into your memory program?
Physiologic Actions of Phosphatidylserine
Phosphatidylserine is present in the membrane that surrounds each cell, and it can alter the fluidity and functional state of these cell membranes. Stabilizing cell membranes may shield the nerve cell from injury and death.
Phosphatidylserine indirectly increases the production and release of several neurotransmitters, including epinephrine, norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine. These neurotransmitters, especially norepinephrine and dopamine, are known to improve attention, concentration, and alertness.
In aged mice, phosphatidylserine prevents, and partly reverses, age-related neurochemical changes. Mice receiving this com pound do not show the expected age-related decline in the ability to learn new information, such as figuring out how to traverse a maze.
Phosphatidylserine is a lipid, or fatty, substance and hence it crosses smoothly into the brain, unlike most water-soluble medications. This fat solubility makes it easy to navigate the blood-brain barrier, which is a natural boundary in capillaries or small blood vessels that prevents many
substances in the bloodstream from entering the brain. After radioactively labeled phosphatidylserine is taken by mouth, it can be detected in the brain with high concentrations in the hippocampus and
frontal cortex, areas responsible for memory.
Taken From: The Memory Program How to Prevent Memory Loss
and Enhance Memory Power
"
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[52]=>
array(13) {
["title"]=>
string(33) "The Amazing Power of Endorsements"
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string(345) "We all know what endorsements are: Companies use famous people to pitch their products so we’ll associate that individual and their success with the product. For example, Bill Cosby endorses Jell-O and Kodak, Michael Jordan pitches for Nike and Hanes underwear, and Tiger Woods does ads for Nike golf balls and Buick automobiles. We tend [...]"
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string(3143) "We all know what endorsements are: Companies use famous people to pitch their products so we’ll associate that individual and their success with the product. For example, Bill Cosby endorses Jell-O and Kodak, Michael Jordan pitches for Nike and Hanes underwear, and Tiger Woods does ads for Nike golf balls and Buick automobiles. We tend to like products, services, and ideas that are endorsed by people we like, regardless of the quality of the product. Sometimes, we will even buy a product for the first time simply based on a celebrity endorsement.
We naturally want to be associated with fame, fortune, and success. That is why we follow the lead of celebrities we admire, respect, and like. It’s also why we use the products they endorse. It is amazing to see teenagers ignore their parents’ warnings about drugs, but when their favorite star or professional athlete says it’s not cool, they stop. This is the power of association.
All in all, the use of celebrities to endorse products is one of the most popular and effective associations marketers and advertisers use. Why do corporations spend tremendous resources to find the right spokesperson to bring the right association to their products? We hold our beliefs and attitudes to define and make sense of who we are. By shaving with the right razor or eating the right cereal, we are saying, ‘‘I am just like that ball player; I am part of the attractive ‘‘in group.’’ By purchasing the ‘‘right stuff,’’ we enhance our own egos. We rationalize away our inadequacies as we become just like our favorite celebrity.’’[1]
The critical factor in using a celebrity endorsement is creating an emotional tie or association between the consumer and the athlete/celebrity. The athlete or celebrity’s positive associations have been transferred to the product or service.[2] Wearing the same shoes or driving the same car as their hero allows consumers to identify and associate with their idols.
There is a downside to using celebrities to promote products and services, however. Anytime a celebrity gets negative press, that association also tends to carry over to the products and companies they promote. In such cases, depending on the severity of the circumstances, the celebrities are usually dropped like hot potatoes. Michael Jackson was once an endorser for Pepsi until he was accused of child molestation. The company was quick to pair its product with someone else. Tonya Harding, the Olympic figure skater, was a Nike endorser until she was convicted of assault on fellow skater Nancy Kerrigan. Mike Tyson was also an endorser for Pepsi until he was convicted of rape. O.J. Simpson was once the spokesman for Hertz car rentals until he went on trial for a double murder.
[1]A. Pratkanis and E. Aronson, Age of Propaganda (New York: W. H. Freeman and Company, 1992), p. 93.
[2]G. E. Belch and M. A. Belch, Advertising and Promotion: An Integrated Marketing Communications Perspective (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1998).
Taken From : Maximum Influence : The 12 Universal Laws of power Persuasion
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string(345) "We all know what endorsements are: Companies use famous people to pitch their products so we’ll associate that individual and their success with the product. For example, Bill Cosby endorses Jell-O and Kodak, Michael Jordan pitches for Nike and Hanes underwear, and Tiger Woods does ads for Nike golf balls and Buick automobiles. We tend [...]"
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string(3143) "We all know what endorsements are: Companies use famous people to pitch their products so we’ll associate that individual and their success with the product. For example, Bill Cosby endorses Jell-O and Kodak, Michael Jordan pitches for Nike and Hanes underwear, and Tiger Woods does ads for Nike golf balls and Buick automobiles. We tend to like products, services, and ideas that are endorsed by people we like, regardless of the quality of the product. Sometimes, we will even buy a product for the first time simply based on a celebrity endorsement.
We naturally want to be associated with fame, fortune, and success. That is why we follow the lead of celebrities we admire, respect, and like. It’s also why we use the products they endorse. It is amazing to see teenagers ignore their parents’ warnings about drugs, but when their favorite star or professional athlete says it’s not cool, they stop. This is the power of association.
All in all, the use of celebrities to endorse products is one of the most popular and effective associations marketers and advertisers use. Why do corporations spend tremendous resources to find the right spokesperson to bring the right association to their products? We hold our beliefs and attitudes to define and make sense of who we are. By shaving with the right razor or eating the right cereal, we are saying, ‘‘I am just like that ball player; I am part of the attractive ‘‘in group.’’ By purchasing the ‘‘right stuff,’’ we enhance our own egos. We rationalize away our inadequacies as we become just like our favorite celebrity.’’[1]
The critical factor in using a celebrity endorsement is creating an emotional tie or association between the consumer and the athlete/celebrity. The athlete or celebrity’s positive associations have been transferred to the product or service.[2] Wearing the same shoes or driving the same car as their hero allows consumers to identify and associate with their idols.
There is a downside to using celebrities to promote products and services, however. Anytime a celebrity gets negative press, that association also tends to carry over to the products and companies they promote. In such cases, depending on the severity of the circumstances, the celebrities are usually dropped like hot potatoes. Michael Jackson was once an endorser for Pepsi until he was accused of child molestation. The company was quick to pair its product with someone else. Tonya Harding, the Olympic figure skater, was a Nike endorser until she was convicted of assault on fellow skater Nancy Kerrigan. Mike Tyson was also an endorser for Pepsi until he was convicted of rape. O.J. Simpson was once the spokesman for Hertz car rentals until he went on trial for a double murder.
[1]A. Pratkanis and E. Aronson, Age of Propaganda (New York: W. H. Freeman and Company, 1992), p. 93.
[2]G. E. Belch and M. A. Belch, Advertising and Promotion: An Integrated Marketing Communications Perspective (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1998).
Taken From : Maximum Influence : The 12 Universal Laws of power Persuasion
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string(43) "The Law of Association–Create the Climate"
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string(384) "Overview
It’s not the situation. It’s your reaction to the situation.
—BOB CONKLIN
To maintain order of the world, our brains link objects, gestures, and symbols with our feelings, memories, and life experiences. We mentally associate ourselves with such things as endorsements, sights, sounds, colors, music, and symbols, just to name a few. This association allows us to [...]"
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string(2591) "Overview
It’s not the situation. It’s your reaction to the situation.
—BOB CONKLIN
To maintain order of the world, our brains link objects, gestures, and symbols with our feelings, memories, and life experiences. We mentally associate ourselves with such things as endorsements, sights, sounds, colors, music, and symbols, just to name a few. This association allows us to make judgment calls when we don’t have the required time to do thorough research.
Master Persuaders take advantage of association to evoke positive feelings and thoughts that correspond with the message they are trying to convey. In this sense, you, as a persuader, can actually arouse a certain feeling in your audience by finding the right association key to unlock the door. Associations are not the same for all people—obviously, each person has their own set of triggers. However, once you understand the general rules, you can find the right associations to match any prospect. And of course, some associations are universal for an entire culture.
The Law of Association is constantly at work. If an audience likes a picture, a logo, or a musical jingle that appears in an advertisement for a product, they also tend to like the product. Why is it we must dress up for a job interview? It is because we know a slovenly appearance will bring into bearing certain unwanted assumptions or associations about us. Have you ever heard about past cultures where the messenger was actually killed when he brought back bad news? Why do you think it is that restaurants decorate a certain way, have their lighting a certain way, and play certain types of music? All these things are defined in the Law of Association.
I remember having a corporate credit card when I was working for a certain unnamed corporation. The company had a nasty habit of not paying their bills. One day I got a phone call from a collection agency claiming that because my name was on the credit card, I was responsible for making the payments due. I informed the representative of the situation, but he was quite persistent. Of course, I was not responsible, but the interesting association was that the representative’s name was Thor, the god of thunder (or so he said). The point is that if you want to create the feeling of a tough, persistent, strong person, then Thor is the perfect name to go by. Suppose his name had been Stanley or Herbert or Shannon instead? Not quite as threatening, are they?
Taken From : Maximum Influence : The 12 Universal Laws of power Persuasion
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string(384) "Overview
It’s not the situation. It’s your reaction to the situation.
—BOB CONKLIN
To maintain order of the world, our brains link objects, gestures, and symbols with our feelings, memories, and life experiences. We mentally associate ourselves with such things as endorsements, sights, sounds, colors, music, and symbols, just to name a few. This association allows us to [...]"
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It’s not the situation. It’s your reaction to the situation.
—BOB CONKLIN
To maintain order of the world, our brains link objects, gestures, and symbols with our feelings, memories, and life experiences. We mentally associate ourselves with such things as endorsements, sights, sounds, colors, music, and symbols, just to name a few. This association allows us to make judgment calls when we don’t have the required time to do thorough research.
Master Persuaders take advantage of association to evoke positive feelings and thoughts that correspond with the message they are trying to convey. In this sense, you, as a persuader, can actually arouse a certain feeling in your audience by finding the right association key to unlock the door. Associations are not the same for all people—obviously, each person has their own set of triggers. However, once you understand the general rules, you can find the right associations to match any prospect. And of course, some associations are universal for an entire culture.
The Law of Association is constantly at work. If an audience likes a picture, a logo, or a musical jingle that appears in an advertisement for a product, they also tend to like the product. Why is it we must dress up for a job interview? It is because we know a slovenly appearance will bring into bearing certain unwanted assumptions or associations about us. Have you ever heard about past cultures where the messenger was actually killed when he brought back bad news? Why do you think it is that restaurants decorate a certain way, have their lighting a certain way, and play certain types of music? All these things are defined in the Law of Association.
I remember having a corporate credit card when I was working for a certain unnamed corporation. The company had a nasty habit of not paying their bills. One day I got a phone call from a collection agency claiming that because my name was on the credit card, I was responsible for making the payments due. I informed the representative of the situation, but he was quite persistent. Of course, I was not responsible, but the interesting association was that the representative’s name was Thor, the god of thunder (or so he said). The point is that if you want to create the feeling of a tough, persistent, strong person, then Thor is the perfect name to go by. Suppose his name had been Stanley or Herbert or Shannon instead? Not quite as threatening, are they?
Taken From : Maximum Influence : The 12 Universal Laws of power Persuasion
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["title"]=>
string(10) "Acceptance"
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string(309) "Closely related to praise is acceptance. We all long for acceptance. We want to feel like our actions and contributions help an effort or cause. We want to be noticed by others. We all want to be someone of significance who is held in high regard. Knowing this, you can help your listeners and prospects [...]"
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string(3335) "Closely related to praise is acceptance. We all long for acceptance. We want to feel like our actions and contributions help an effort or cause. We want to be noticed by others. We all want to be someone of significance who is held in high regard. Knowing this, you can help your listeners and prospects feel that their help is appreciated, that they are personally accepted, and that their contributions are essential. When they feel accepted unconditionally, with no strings attached, their doubts, fears, and inadequacies will go out the window. Be kind, don’t patronize, and be genuine in your acceptance— have it come from your heart. When that sense of belonging is established, you have tapped into a basic human need.
Have you ever watched a politician on the campaign trail? You always see it on television. Amidst the throngs of people, the candidate strives to shake hands and look into the eyes of as many individual people as possible. He wants his supporters to feel that their individual efforts contribute to the cause, that without their help, the cause would be lost. This personal touch boosts morale so that everyone wants to help out and will not rest until the candidate who reached out and shook their hand secures the victory.
Never criticize people you want to persuade or influence. It damages your relationship and destroys the connection you have with them. Instead, use praise and appreciation to increase acceptance and self-confidence. Many times an overly zealous boss destroys any possibility for loyalty and genuine compliance by telling subordinates why their ideas are stupid and will never work. Little does he know that these belittling comments will only make his staff cling to their own ideas and resent his even more.
One way to make people feel accepted is to offer genuine thanks. Seek to make a conscientious and deliberate effort to thank people. Don’t assume they know you care and appreciate them. Don’t make the mistake of thinking that a paycheck is thanks enough. One of the main reasons people are dissatisfied with their jobs is because they are never thanked or given any recognition for their efforts. It might seem unnatural to use thanks and gratitude, since most people were not raised in an environment where doing so was commonplace, but it’s worth the effort to learn how to dole out thanks effectively.
Often individuals increase their feelings of acceptance by building their association with certain people, places, or things. This has been referred to as the Social Identity Theory.[13] For example, a sports fan may increase his self-esteem by plastering his walls with his favorite team’s sports paraphernalia. Even though no one on that team has any clue who this Joe Schmo is, he feels better about himself anyway, just because of the association and identity he has created for himself with the team. Thinking back, why was it such a life-or-death situation to belong to social groups in high school? A sense of belonging is even more important to us as adults. Whom you know and what you have are in direct correlation to your self-esteem and acceptance.
[13]M. Tesser, Advanced Social Psychology (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1995).
Taken From : Maximum Influence : The 12 Universal Laws of power Persuasion
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string(309) "Closely related to praise is acceptance. We all long for acceptance. We want to feel like our actions and contributions help an effort or cause. We want to be noticed by others. We all want to be someone of significance who is held in high regard. Knowing this, you can help your listeners and prospects [...]"
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string(3335) "Closely related to praise is acceptance. We all long for acceptance. We want to feel like our actions and contributions help an effort or cause. We want to be noticed by others. We all want to be someone of significance who is held in high regard. Knowing this, you can help your listeners and prospects feel that their help is appreciated, that they are personally accepted, and that their contributions are essential. When they feel accepted unconditionally, with no strings attached, their doubts, fears, and inadequacies will go out the window. Be kind, don’t patronize, and be genuine in your acceptance— have it come from your heart. When that sense of belonging is established, you have tapped into a basic human need.
Have you ever watched a politician on the campaign trail? You always see it on television. Amidst the throngs of people, the candidate strives to shake hands and look into the eyes of as many individual people as possible. He wants his supporters to feel that their individual efforts contribute to the cause, that without their help, the cause would be lost. This personal touch boosts morale so that everyone wants to help out and will not rest until the candidate who reached out and shook their hand secures the victory.
Never criticize people you want to persuade or influence. It damages your relationship and destroys the connection you have with them. Instead, use praise and appreciation to increase acceptance and self-confidence. Many times an overly zealous boss destroys any possibility for loyalty and genuine compliance by telling subordinates why their ideas are stupid and will never work. Little does he know that these belittling comments will only make his staff cling to their own ideas and resent his even more.
One way to make people feel accepted is to offer genuine thanks. Seek to make a conscientious and deliberate effort to thank people. Don’t assume they know you care and appreciate them. Don’t make the mistake of thinking that a paycheck is thanks enough. One of the main reasons people are dissatisfied with their jobs is because they are never thanked or given any recognition for their efforts. It might seem unnatural to use thanks and gratitude, since most people were not raised in an environment where doing so was commonplace, but it’s worth the effort to learn how to dole out thanks effectively.
Often individuals increase their feelings of acceptance by building their association with certain people, places, or things. This has been referred to as the Social Identity Theory.[13] For example, a sports fan may increase his self-esteem by plastering his walls with his favorite team’s sports paraphernalia. Even though no one on that team has any clue who this Joe Schmo is, he feels better about himself anyway, just because of the association and identity he has created for himself with the team. Thinking back, why was it such a life-or-death situation to belong to social groups in high school? A sense of belonging is even more important to us as adults. Whom you know and what you have are in direct correlation to your self-esteem and acceptance.
[13]M. Tesser, Advanced Social Psychology (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1995).
Taken From : Maximum Influence : The 12 Universal Laws of power Persuasion
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array(13) {
["title"]=>
string(50) "Donepezil (Aricept) to Treat Alzheimer’s Disease"
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string(347) "In the double-blind study that provided the basis for obtaining FDA approval, outpatients with mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease were randomized to receive 10 mg donepezil daily (157 patients), 5 mg donepezil daily (154 patients), and placebo (162 patients). Both the 5 mg and 10 mg donepezil groups showed an average 3 to 8 percent [...]"
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string(2648) "In the double-blind study that provided the basis for obtaining FDA approval, outpatients with mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease were randomized to receive 10 mg donepezil daily (157 patients), 5 mg donepezil daily (154 patients), and placebo (162 patients). Both the 5 mg and 10 mg donepezil groups showed an average 3 to 8 percent advantage over placebo on cognitive performance and global clinical improvement. The peak effect occurred after six weeks on medication, and by six months the effect had begun to wear off. Nonetheless, throughout this period, patients on donepezil retained an advantage over patients who continued on placebo. In other words, the progress of
Alzheimer’s disease was not dramatically changed, but being on donepezil meant that the patient’s worsening was delayed, unlike people on placebo, who deteriorated steadily over time.
From the original series of donepezil study participants, 133 Alzheimer’s patients were followed for an average of two years. Donepezil treatment did not completely halt long-term decline, but it was associated with less deterioration than what was expected over time in these Alzhemier’s patients.
Donepezil (Aricept): The Prescription Choice for Mild Memory Loss
The success of donepezil in treating not only Alzheimer’s disease but also some people with mild memory loss (like Diane Pozniak, described at the beginning of this chapter) has led the National Institute of Aging to launch a large-scale controlled study with both donepezil and vitamin E to find out how effective these medications are for people with mild to moderate memory loss. The results of that study are likely to have a major impact on the use of these two agents to treat mild memory loss, and as a preventive strategy for age-related memory loss.
Donepezil ranks at the top of my list of potentially useful prescription medications to prevent agerelated memory loss, and to treat mild memory loss. Donepezil’s cholinesterase inhibiting activity is similar to tacrine, but it has one great advantage: low toxicity. It has the added benefit of once-a-day dosing (5 or 10 mg). The main side effect is nausea or diarrhea, which affects a small number of people taking this medication. If your stomach can tolerate Aricept 5 mg daily, raising it to 10 mg daily should not present any problems. As with many new medications, Aricept is expensive ($3 to $6 daily).
Taken From: The Memory Program How to Prevent Memory Loss
and Enhance Memory Power
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string(347) "In the double-blind study that provided the basis for obtaining FDA approval, outpatients with mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease were randomized to receive 10 mg donepezil daily (157 patients), 5 mg donepezil daily (154 patients), and placebo (162 patients). Both the 5 mg and 10 mg donepezil groups showed an average 3 to 8 percent [...]"
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Alzheimer’s disease was not dramatically changed, but being on donepezil meant that the patient’s worsening was delayed, unlike people on placebo, who deteriorated steadily over time.
From the original series of donepezil study participants, 133 Alzheimer’s patients were followed for an average of two years. Donepezil treatment did not completely halt long-term decline, but it was associated with less deterioration than what was expected over time in these Alzhemier’s patients.
Donepezil (Aricept): The Prescription Choice for Mild Memory Loss
The success of donepezil in treating not only Alzheimer’s disease but also some people with mild memory loss (like Diane Pozniak, described at the beginning of this chapter) has led the National Institute of Aging to launch a large-scale controlled study with both donepezil and vitamin E to find out how effective these medications are for people with mild to moderate memory loss. The results of that study are likely to have a major impact on the use of these two agents to treat mild memory loss, and as a preventive strategy for age-related memory loss.
Donepezil ranks at the top of my list of potentially useful prescription medications to prevent agerelated memory loss, and to treat mild memory loss. Donepezil’s cholinesterase inhibiting activity is similar to tacrine, but it has one great advantage: low toxicity. It has the added benefit of once-a-day dosing (5 or 10 mg). The main side effect is nausea or diarrhea, which affects a small number of people taking this medication. If your stomach can tolerate Aricept 5 mg daily, raising it to 10 mg daily should not present any problems. As with many new medications, Aricept is expensive ($3 to $6 daily).
Taken From: The Memory Program How to Prevent Memory Loss
and Enhance Memory Power
"
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string(21) "Effects of Praise (2)"
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string(337) "Praise can also cause people to change their minds. In another study, student essays were randomly given high or low marks. When surveyed, the students who had gotten A’s tended to lean even more favorably in the direction of the positions they had advocated in their essays. Students who had received failing marks, however, did [...]"
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string(2509) "Praise can also cause people to change their minds. In another study, student essays were randomly given high or low marks. When surveyed, the students who had gotten A’s tended to lean even more favorably in the direction of the positions they had advocated in their essays. Students who had received failing marks, however, did not stand behind their previous positions as willingly.
When we show people that they are important, we can persuade them to do many things. In elementary schools, teachers will dub a child to be the king or queen for the day. The king receives a crown and the other students write notes of praise. Children keep these sayings for years to come, proof that no matter our age, we crave praise, recognition, and acceptance. For example, Andrew Carnegie devised a plan to sell his steel to the Pennsylvania Railroad. When he built a new steel mill in Pittsburgh, he named it the J. Edgar Thompson Steel Works, after the president of the Pennsylvania Railroad. Thompson was so flattered by the honor that he thereafter purchased steel exclusively from Carnegie.
The greatest car salesman in the world sends 13,000 former customers a card every month that simply says, ‘‘I like you,’’ and then signs his name. You can calculate the expense, but this is the backbone of his business. No one has sold more cars than Joe Girard.
Of course, there is an opposite effect that also lasts a lifetime. I heard a story of a young lady who wanted to learn how to dance. She went to take lessons but she was having a hard time. The dance steps were unfamiliar and awkward for someone who had never danced before. The instructor gave her a few lessons and then unsympathetically said, ‘‘You dance like a hippo. You will never be a good dancer.’’ This one comment kept the young lady off the dance floor for the rest of her life.
One negative comment has more power than ten positive comments. I can give a give seminar and have twenty people come up to me and praise me. But it is the one person in the front row, the one who had a sour face the whole time, whom I will remember. Just keep in mind that the use of praise affects the very core of our beings, so use it with caution.
[12]D. Drachman, A. DeCarufel, and C. Insko, ‘‘The Extra Credit Effect in Inter-Personal Attraction,’’ Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (1978): 458– 467.
Taken From : Maximum Influence : The 12 Universal Laws of power Persuasion
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string(337) "Praise can also cause people to change their minds. In another study, student essays were randomly given high or low marks. When surveyed, the students who had gotten A’s tended to lean even more favorably in the direction of the positions they had advocated in their essays. Students who had received failing marks, however, did [...]"
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string(2509) "Praise can also cause people to change their minds. In another study, student essays were randomly given high or low marks. When surveyed, the students who had gotten A’s tended to lean even more favorably in the direction of the positions they had advocated in their essays. Students who had received failing marks, however, did not stand behind their previous positions as willingly.
When we show people that they are important, we can persuade them to do many things. In elementary schools, teachers will dub a child to be the king or queen for the day. The king receives a crown and the other students write notes of praise. Children keep these sayings for years to come, proof that no matter our age, we crave praise, recognition, and acceptance. For example, Andrew Carnegie devised a plan to sell his steel to the Pennsylvania Railroad. When he built a new steel mill in Pittsburgh, he named it the J. Edgar Thompson Steel Works, after the president of the Pennsylvania Railroad. Thompson was so flattered by the honor that he thereafter purchased steel exclusively from Carnegie.
The greatest car salesman in the world sends 13,000 former customers a card every month that simply says, ‘‘I like you,’’ and then signs his name. You can calculate the expense, but this is the backbone of his business. No one has sold more cars than Joe Girard.
Of course, there is an opposite effect that also lasts a lifetime. I heard a story of a young lady who wanted to learn how to dance. She went to take lessons but she was having a hard time. The dance steps were unfamiliar and awkward for someone who had never danced before. The instructor gave her a few lessons and then unsympathetically said, ‘‘You dance like a hippo. You will never be a good dancer.’’ This one comment kept the young lady off the dance floor for the rest of her life.
One negative comment has more power than ten positive comments. I can give a give seminar and have twenty people come up to me and praise me. But it is the one person in the front row, the one who had a sour face the whole time, whom I will remember. Just keep in mind that the use of praise affects the very core of our beings, so use it with caution.
[12]D. Drachman, A. DeCarufel, and C. Insko, ‘‘The Extra Credit Effect in Inter-Personal Attraction,’’ Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (1978): 458– 467.
Taken From : Maximum Influence : The 12 Universal Laws of power Persuasion
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string(37) "The Rise and Fall of Tacrine (Cognex)"
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string(349) "As the largely negative clinical trials with choline, lecithin, and acetyl-l-carnitine demonstrate, promemory effects in rats or mice are not easy to replicate in people. Improving cognition in the primitive rodent brain is a lot simpler than boosting it in the ultracomplex human brain.
As a matter of fact, by the mid 1980s, research with a [...]"
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string(2661) "As the largely negative clinical trials with choline, lecithin, and acetyl-l-carnitine demonstrate, promemory effects in rats or mice are not easy to replicate in people. Improving cognition in the primitive rodent brain is a lot simpler than boosting it in the ultracomplex human brain.
As a matter of fact, by the mid 1980s, research with a variety of cholinergic compounds— lecithin, choline, phosphatidylcholine, acetyl-l-carnitine, and physostigmine— had run into a dead end, despite the investment of over a billion dollars by a number of drug companies in the United States, Europe, and Japan. Then came a report by William Koopmans Summers describing strong efficacy for a cholinesterase inhibitor named tetrahydroaminoacridine or tacrine (THA, Cognex) in seventeen patients with Alzheimer’s disease. A tortuous road ensued for tacrine, with many ups and downs and the U.S. Congress getting involved in supporting research and development of this Warner Lambert
drug. Eventually, the FDA approved it as a treatment for Alzheimer’s disease, because high doses of the medication showed a significant, though small, advantage over placebo in cognitive performance.
But after tacrine was approved by the FDA, it fell by the wayside because of its liver toxicity. This risk was so high that after tacrine was approved for clinical use, none of the neurologists and psychiatrists in my group at Columbia University, including myself, were willing to prescribe the medication for our Alzheimer’s patients, with rare exceptions. This situation changed dramatically with the development of the next FDAapproved cholinesterase inhibitor, donepezil (Aricept).
Donepezil (Aricept): A Rare Instance of Japan-U.S. Collaboration
Esai Pharmaceuticals, a Japanese company, did the basic research and initial clinical trials to develop donepezil (Aricept). Since they did not have a major presence in the United States, they cut a deal with Pfizer to conduct the required studies to obtain FDA approval and then to jointly market the medication in the United States and Europe. As one might expect, this Japan-U.S. collaboration has had its ups and downs, but both sides have learned a great deal in this process. Cross-border research and marketing will become increasingly important as drug development becomes more and more international, particularly if the byzantine regulations in different countries become more uniform.
Taken From: The Memory Program How to Prevent Memory Loss
and Enhance Memory Power
"
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string(349) "As the largely negative clinical trials with choline, lecithin, and acetyl-l-carnitine demonstrate, promemory effects in rats or mice are not easy to replicate in people. Improving cognition in the primitive rodent brain is a lot simpler than boosting it in the ultracomplex human brain.
As a matter of fact, by the mid 1980s, research with a [...]"
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string(2661) "As the largely negative clinical trials with choline, lecithin, and acetyl-l-carnitine demonstrate, promemory effects in rats or mice are not easy to replicate in people. Improving cognition in the primitive rodent brain is a lot simpler than boosting it in the ultracomplex human brain.
As a matter of fact, by the mid 1980s, research with a variety of cholinergic compounds— lecithin, choline, phosphatidylcholine, acetyl-l-carnitine, and physostigmine— had run into a dead end, despite the investment of over a billion dollars by a number of drug companies in the United States, Europe, and Japan. Then came a report by William Koopmans Summers describing strong efficacy for a cholinesterase inhibitor named tetrahydroaminoacridine or tacrine (THA, Cognex) in seventeen patients with Alzheimer’s disease. A tortuous road ensued for tacrine, with many ups and downs and the U.S. Congress getting involved in supporting research and development of this Warner Lambert
drug. Eventually, the FDA approved it as a treatment for Alzheimer’s disease, because high doses of the medication showed a significant, though small, advantage over placebo in cognitive performance.
But after tacrine was approved by the FDA, it fell by the wayside because of its liver toxicity. This risk was so high that after tacrine was approved for clinical use, none of the neurologists and psychiatrists in my group at Columbia University, including myself, were willing to prescribe the medication for our Alzheimer’s patients, with rare exceptions. This situation changed dramatically with the development of the next FDAapproved cholinesterase inhibitor, donepezil (Aricept).
Donepezil (Aricept): A Rare Instance of Japan-U.S. Collaboration
Esai Pharmaceuticals, a Japanese company, did the basic research and initial clinical trials to develop donepezil (Aricept). Since they did not have a major presence in the United States, they cut a deal with Pfizer to conduct the required studies to obtain FDA approval and then to jointly market the medication in the United States and Europe. As one might expect, this Japan-U.S. collaboration has had its ups and downs, but both sides have learned a great deal in this process. Cross-border research and marketing will become increasingly important as drug development becomes more and more international, particularly if the byzantine regulations in different countries become more uniform.
Taken From: The Memory Program How to Prevent Memory Loss
and Enhance Memory Power
"
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string(21) "Effects of Praise (1)"
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string(331) "You know people are more likely to be persuaded to say ‘‘yes’’ when you make them feel good about themselves, their work, and their accomplishments. People will do almost anything for you when you treat them with respect and dignity and show them that their feelings are important.
I remember going to try on suits at [...]"
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string(2716) "You know people are more likely to be persuaded to say ‘‘yes’’ when you make them feel good about themselves, their work, and their accomplishments. People will do almost anything for you when you treat them with respect and dignity and show them that their feelings are important.
I remember going to try on suits at the local mall. I was thinking about buying a suit but I was pretty indifferent about making a purchase that day. Because I knew the sales representative would want to persuade me to buy a suit that same day, I came in prepared for his persuasive techniques. He asked, ‘‘What type of suit were you looking for?’’ I answered, ‘‘Blue, double breasted.’’ ‘‘What size are you?’’ he asked. I said, ‘‘I’m not sure.’’ He looked at me with a twinkle in his eye and asked, ‘‘Do you work out?’’ I said, ‘‘Yes, I do.’’ He said, ‘‘I thought so. You will need a suit that has an athletic cut.’’
I smiled and felt the rush of esteem. I knew he was attempting to sell me a suit, and it worked. I took the bait and he reeled me in. It was something so simple yet so powerful. Yes, I did go home that day with a new suit.
An experiment testing the effects of praise on a group of men in North Carolina was very insightful. The men received different types of comments from someone who needed a favor from them. The comments were either positive, negative, or a mixture of both. As you might expect, the person giving the positive comments was liked the best. Secondly, this conclusion held true even when the men knew their ‘‘complimenter’’ was seeking a favor. Finally, unlike the other types of comments, pure praise did not have to be accurate to work. Positive comments produced just as much liking toward the flatterer when they were untrue as when they were true.[12] Strive to be sincere in your praise, although flattery works even when it is not sincere.
The following example shows the immense strength that praise has. At a small college in Virginia, twenty-four students in a psychology course decided to see whether they could use compliments to change the way the women on campus dressed. For a while, they complimented all the female students who wore blue. The percentage of the female student population wearing blue rose from 25 percent to 38 percent. The researchers then switched to complimenting any woman who wore red. This caused the appearance of red on campus to double, from 11 percent to 22 percent. These results indicate that when you favorably comment on behavior, that behavior will increase.
Taken From : Maximum Influence : The 12 Universal Laws of power Persuasion
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string(331) "You know people are more likely to be persuaded to say ‘‘yes’’ when you make them feel good about themselves, their work, and their accomplishments. People will do almost anything for you when you treat them with respect and dignity and show them that their feelings are important.
I remember going to try on suits at [...]"
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string(2716) "You know people are more likely to be persuaded to say ‘‘yes’’ when you make them feel good about themselves, their work, and their accomplishments. People will do almost anything for you when you treat them with respect and dignity and show them that their feelings are important.
I remember going to try on suits at the local mall. I was thinking about buying a suit but I was pretty indifferent about making a purchase that day. Because I knew the sales representative would want to persuade me to buy a suit that same day, I came in prepared for his persuasive techniques. He asked, ‘‘What type of suit were you looking for?’’ I answered, ‘‘Blue, double breasted.’’ ‘‘What size are you?’’ he asked. I said, ‘‘I’m not sure.’’ He looked at me with a twinkle in his eye and asked, ‘‘Do you work out?’’ I said, ‘‘Yes, I do.’’ He said, ‘‘I thought so. You will need a suit that has an athletic cut.’’
I smiled and felt the rush of esteem. I knew he was attempting to sell me a suit, and it worked. I took the bait and he reeled me in. It was something so simple yet so powerful. Yes, I did go home that day with a new suit.
An experiment testing the effects of praise on a group of men in North Carolina was very insightful. The men received different types of comments from someone who needed a favor from them. The comments were either positive, negative, or a mixture of both. As you might expect, the person giving the positive comments was liked the best. Secondly, this conclusion held true even when the men knew their ‘‘complimenter’’ was seeking a favor. Finally, unlike the other types of comments, pure praise did not have to be accurate to work. Positive comments produced just as much liking toward the flatterer when they were untrue as when they were true.[12] Strive to be sincere in your praise, although flattery works even when it is not sincere.
The following example shows the immense strength that praise has. At a small college in Virginia, twenty-four students in a psychology course decided to see whether they could use compliments to change the way the women on campus dressed. For a while, they complimented all the female students who wore blue. The percentage of the female student population wearing blue rose from 25 percent to 38 percent. The researchers then switched to complimenting any woman who wore red. This caused the appearance of red on campus to double, from 11 percent to 22 percent. These results indicate that when you favorably comment on behavior, that behavior will increase.
Taken From : Maximum Influence : The 12 Universal Laws of power Persuasion
"
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[59]=>
array(13) {
["title"]=>
string(13) "Physostigmine"
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string(384) "Studies with the cholinesterase inhibitor physostigmine in small numbers of Alzheimer’s patients, some of which were conducted by my colleagues Drs. Yaakov Stern and Richard Mayeux, showed superior memory test performance compared to placebo. The size of the improvement was comparable to what would be shown years later with tacrine and donepezil, but physostigmine never [...]"
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string(2942) "Studies with the cholinesterase inhibitor physostigmine in small numbers of Alzheimer’s patients, some of which were conducted by my colleagues Drs. Yaakov Stern and Richard Mayeux, showed superior memory test performance compared to placebo. The size of the improvement was comparable to what would be shown years later with tacrine and donepezil, but physostigmine never succeeded in the same fashion for two main reasons: the very short duration of action meant that pills needed to be given five to six times daily, and it frequently caused nausea and other side effects. Given these difficulties, using physostigmine to prevent age-related memory loss was never even
entertained as a concept. A long-acting physostigmine compound with single daily dosing was developed, but this did not prove to be very effective, and physostigmine is now consigned to the dust heap of history. I feel that this is unfortunate, because several of the Alzheimer’s patients who participated in the clinical trials at our center did show some benefit.
Properties of Acetyl-l-carnitine (Alcar)
Is found in muscle and helps get energy out of fat.
Can repair damage in lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell that is essential for normal immune function.
Boosts metabolism within nerve cells, and slows the loss of nerve growth factor that helps maintain the functioning of nerve cells in the hippocampus and frontal cortex. In fact, acetyl-lcarnitine raises the levels of nerve growth factor by 30 to 40 percent in the brains of rats.
Prevents the loss of acetylcholinesterase, thereby indirectly enhancing cholinergic function.
While it remains unclear which of these many actions underlies acetyl-l-carnitine’s promemory effects, I have chosen to discuss it under the cholinesterase inhibitor class of compounds.
Promising results emerged in small numbers of patients with Alzheimer’s disease, but larger placebo-controlled trials met with failure. Other small-scale studies have shown an advantage for acetyl-l-carnitine over placebo in people with mild memory loss, but there are also several negative reports. Like other compounds in its class, there are no long-term studies to determine if it can prevent age-related memory loss.
The usual dose is 2 to 5 grams daily, and there are few side effects. You can obtain acetyl-lcarnitine in health food stores, and this is an example of how the same substance can surface as both a modern pharmaceutical compound and an alternative medication. In fact, as more and more research is conducted with various types of alternative medicines, the two fields will begin to converge and their boundaries may eventually disappear altogether.
Taken From: The Memory Program How to Prevent Memory Loss
and Enhance Memory Power
"
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string(384) "Studies with the cholinesterase inhibitor physostigmine in small numbers of Alzheimer’s patients, some of which were conducted by my colleagues Drs. Yaakov Stern and Richard Mayeux, showed superior memory test performance compared to placebo. The size of the improvement was comparable to what would be shown years later with tacrine and donepezil, but physostigmine never [...]"
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string(2942) "Studies with the cholinesterase inhibitor physostigmine in small numbers of Alzheimer’s patients, some of which were conducted by my colleagues Drs. Yaakov Stern and Richard Mayeux, showed superior memory test performance compared to placebo. The size of the improvement was comparable to what would be shown years later with tacrine and donepezil, but physostigmine never succeeded in the same fashion for two main reasons: the very short duration of action meant that pills needed to be given five to six times daily, and it frequently caused nausea and other side effects. Given these difficulties, using physostigmine to prevent age-related memory loss was never even
entertained as a concept. A long-acting physostigmine compound with single daily dosing was developed, but this did not prove to be very effective, and physostigmine is now consigned to the dust heap of history. I feel that this is unfortunate, because several of the Alzheimer’s patients who participated in the clinical trials at our center did show some benefit.
Properties of Acetyl-l-carnitine (Alcar)
Is found in muscle and helps get energy out of fat.
Can repair damage in lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell that is essential for normal immune function.
Boosts metabolism within nerve cells, and slows the loss of nerve growth factor that helps maintain the functioning of nerve cells in the hippocampus and frontal cortex. In fact, acetyl-lcarnitine raises the levels of nerve growth factor by 30 to 40 percent in the brains of rats.
Prevents the loss of acetylcholinesterase, thereby indirectly enhancing cholinergic function.
While it remains unclear which of these many actions underlies acetyl-l-carnitine’s promemory effects, I have chosen to discuss it under the cholinesterase inhibitor class of compounds.
Promising results emerged in small numbers of patients with Alzheimer’s disease, but larger placebo-controlled trials met with failure. Other small-scale studies have shown an advantage for acetyl-l-carnitine over placebo in people with mild memory loss, but there are also several negative reports. Like other compounds in its class, there are no long-term studies to determine if it can prevent age-related memory loss.
The usual dose is 2 to 5 grams daily, and there are few side effects. You can obtain acetyl-lcarnitine in health food stores, and this is an example of how the same substance can surface as both a modern pharmaceutical compound and an alternative medication. In fact, as more and more research is conducted with various types of alternative medicines, the two fields will begin to converge and their boundaries may eventually disappear altogether.
Taken From: The Memory Program How to Prevent Memory Loss
and Enhance Memory Power
"
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[60]=>
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["title"]=>
string(22) "The Leverage of Praise"
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string(337) "Sincere praise and compliments can have a powerful effect on people. Praise boosts one’s self-esteem. When you genuinely give praise, it releases energy in the other person. You have seen it and experienced it yourself. When you receive sincere compliments or praise, you get a smile on your face, your spirits soar, and you have [...]"
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string(4905) "Sincere praise and compliments can have a powerful effect on people. Praise boosts one’s self-esteem. When you genuinely give praise, it releases energy in the other person. You have seen it and experienced it yourself. When you receive sincere compliments or praise, you get a smile on your face, your spirits soar, and you have a new aura about you.
Praise Others Daily
I think of all the funerals I have attended, and how all of them ended with beautiful eulogies. Why do we have to wait until someone is dead to say something nice about them? As Ra1ph Waldo Emerson put it, ‘‘Every man is entitled to be valued by his best moments.’’ Men will sacrifice their lives for praise, honor, and recognition. We crave and yearn for a boost to our esteem. We all wear an imaginary badge that says, ‘‘Please make me feel important.’’ It is criminal to withhold our praise when we see someone, especially children, do great and honorable things. Yet then when they do something wrong, we jump down their throats. Have you ever thought about how we would never think of physically harming someone or depriving them of food and water, yet often without reservation we hurt someone emotionally or deprive them of love and appreciation? George Bernard Shaw said, ‘‘The worst sin toward our fellow creatures is not to hate them, but to be indifferent to them.’’ We should make it a habit to give genuine praise to someone every day. Don’t wait for a reason or for something big to happen. Be generous with your praise. Praise makes others more open to persuasion.
How to Give Sincere Praise
Always be sincere. Even the most cunning flatterer is ultimately detected and discovered. Complimenting someone sincerely for something small is better than complimenting someone insincerely for something big and grand. If, instead of being constantly self-focused, we are attentive to others, we will always find building moments where we can deliver honest and sincere praise. Even Napoleon figured out that men will die for blue ribbons. Men will sacrifice their lives for praise, honor, and recognition.
Often it is more effective to praise the specific act rather than the person. This way, your praise is attached to something distinct and concrete. It is harder to be interpreted as flattery or favoritism when there is a specific and concrete thing you have praised. General compliments may have temporary effect, but can incite jealousy from others and create even more insecurity in the recipient because that person is often not really sure what they did to deserve the compliment. Then they feel pressure to live up to the standard you have set, even though they’re not sure how or why it was set. They may even subconsciously fear that you will retract the praise because they don’t know how to keep it. Things really backfire when that person feels mistrustful toward you. Did you ever witness coworkers gathering to complain after a ‘‘pep rally’’ with the boss? Instead of feeling inspired and motivated, everyone griped about how the boss was full of it. Of course, during the meeting, everyone played along, because it was their job and they had to listen. When a boss asks you to do something you do it because you have to. When someone has influence or is a leader you do it because you want to.
So how do you effectively give someone a compliment they can live up to without feeling anxiety? Instead of barking at your assistant, ‘‘Why haven’t you finished these files?’’ say, ‘‘Thank you so much for helping me get these files done! I know I can count on you get them done in a timely manner.’’ Because the latter statement incorporates your assistant’s behavior into how you view her, you can be sure she’ll follow through. Consciously or subconsciously, she will want to maintain the apparent image you have of her. Consequently she will continue that pattern of behavior so as not to disappoint you.
As a manager or supervisor, your responsibility to praise and recognize your employees is paramount. Regularly communicate the organization’s changing objectives and priorities and show employees you feel they are important enough to be aligned with your goals. Invite new ideas from workers, stressing that there are always better ways to do every task. Trust workers by delegating responsibilities that give growth opportunities. Check with employees to determine what extra time or equipment they need, and work to provide them with these requests. Be fair to all. Playing favorites undermines morale. Praise each employee for any job well done; doing so orally is okay, but putting it in writing is even better. Want to know another plus? Sincere praise costs your organization absolutely nothing!
Taken From : Maximum Influence : The 12 Universal Laws of power Persuasion
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string(337) "Sincere praise and compliments can have a powerful effect on people. Praise boosts one’s self-esteem. When you genuinely give praise, it releases energy in the other person. You have seen it and experienced it yourself. When you receive sincere compliments or praise, you get a smile on your face, your spirits soar, and you have [...]"
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string(4905) "Sincere praise and compliments can have a powerful effect on people. Praise boosts one’s self-esteem. When you genuinely give praise, it releases energy in the other person. You have seen it and experienced it yourself. When you receive sincere compliments or praise, you get a smile on your face, your spirits soar, and you have a new aura about you.
Praise Others Daily
I think of all the funerals I have attended, and how all of them ended with beautiful eulogies. Why do we have to wait until someone is dead to say something nice about them? As Ra1ph Waldo Emerson put it, ‘‘Every man is entitled to be valued by his best moments.’’ Men will sacrifice their lives for praise, honor, and recognition. We crave and yearn for a boost to our esteem. We all wear an imaginary badge that says, ‘‘Please make me feel important.’’ It is criminal to withhold our praise when we see someone, especially children, do great and honorable things. Yet then when they do something wrong, we jump down their throats. Have you ever thought about how we would never think of physically harming someone or depriving them of food and water, yet often without reservation we hurt someone emotionally or deprive them of love and appreciation? George Bernard Shaw said, ‘‘The worst sin toward our fellow creatures is not to hate them, but to be indifferent to them.’’ We should make it a habit to give genuine praise to someone every day. Don’t wait for a reason or for something big to happen. Be generous with your praise. Praise makes others more open to persuasion.
How to Give Sincere Praise
Always be sincere. Even the most cunning flatterer is ultimately detected and discovered. Complimenting someone sincerely for something small is better than complimenting someone insincerely for something big and grand. If, instead of being constantly self-focused, we are attentive to others, we will always find building moments where we can deliver honest and sincere praise. Even Napoleon figured out that men will die for blue ribbons. Men will sacrifice their lives for praise, honor, and recognition.
Often it is more effective to praise the specific act rather than the person. This way, your praise is attached to something distinct and concrete. It is harder to be interpreted as flattery or favoritism when there is a specific and concrete thing you have praised. General compliments may have temporary effect, but can incite jealousy from others and create even more insecurity in the recipient because that person is often not really sure what they did to deserve the compliment. Then they feel pressure to live up to the standard you have set, even though they’re not sure how or why it was set. They may even subconsciously fear that you will retract the praise because they don’t know how to keep it. Things really backfire when that person feels mistrustful toward you. Did you ever witness coworkers gathering to complain after a ‘‘pep rally’’ with the boss? Instead of feeling inspired and motivated, everyone griped about how the boss was full of it. Of course, during the meeting, everyone played along, because it was their job and they had to listen. When a boss asks you to do something you do it because you have to. When someone has influence or is a leader you do it because you want to.
So how do you effectively give someone a compliment they can live up to without feeling anxiety? Instead of barking at your assistant, ‘‘Why haven’t you finished these files?’’ say, ‘‘Thank you so much for helping me get these files done! I know I can count on you get them done in a timely manner.’’ Because the latter statement incorporates your assistant’s behavior into how you view her, you can be sure she’ll follow through. Consciously or subconsciously, she will want to maintain the apparent image you have of her. Consequently she will continue that pattern of behavior so as not to disappoint you.
As a manager or supervisor, your responsibility to praise and recognize your employees is paramount. Regularly communicate the organization’s changing objectives and priorities and show employees you feel they are important enough to be aligned with your goals. Invite new ideas from workers, stressing that there are always better ways to do every task. Trust workers by delegating responsibilities that give growth opportunities. Check with employees to determine what extra time or equipment they need, and work to provide them with these requests. Be fair to all. Playing favorites undermines morale. Praise each employee for any job well done; doing so orally is okay, but putting it in writing is even better. Want to know another plus? Sincere praise costs your organization absolutely nothing!
Taken From : Maximum Influence : The 12 Universal Laws of power Persuasion
"
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[61]=>
array(13) {
["title"]=>
string(7) "Choline"
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string(396) "Choline is directly converted into acetylcholine by combining with acetic acid, and you might think that choline should work quite well as a memory enhancer. Unfortunately, although animal studies show that choline heightens attention and helps to transfer information from short to long-term memory, the clinical data are inconsistent and unimpressive. Several placebo-controlled trials to [...]"
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string(2793) "Choline is directly converted into acetylcholine by combining with acetic acid, and you might think that choline should work quite well as a memory enhancer. Unfortunately, although animal studies show that choline heightens attention and helps to transfer information from short to long-term memory, the clinical data are inconsistent and unimpressive. Several placebo-controlled trials to treat Alzheimer’s disease have met with failure. Similar efforts with choline have not worked in people with mild to moderate memory loss. To produce even the slightest effect, choline needs to be ingested in huge quantities of 3 to 12 grams daily. Another practical problem is that if you take this substance, you may exude a fishy smell, not a very appetizing prospect for bystanders, let alone your loved ones.
Lecithin
Lecithin is an essential ingredient of living cells.
It prevents cholesterol accumulation in arteries, and helps prevent liver degeneration.
Phosphatidylcholine is the active element in lecithin that works against memory loss.
Phosphatidylcholine is broken down to choline, which the body then uses to synthesize acetylcholine.
Lecithin has a prolonged duration of action and needs to be taken only once or twice a day.
Like choline, in more than a dozen controlled studies of Alzheimer’s patients, lecithin’s effects have been very small and quite inconsistent. Similar results have emerged from the few placebocontrolled studies of lecithin to treat mild to moderate memory loss; there have been no studies to prevent age-related memory loss.
Your average daily diet contains approximately I gram of lecithin, but this is too little to have any promemory effects. You need to take a large amount— 2 to 10 grams a day— to produce a very small, and debatable, improvement in memory. Lecithin can be purchased in health food stores. The amount of the vital component, phosphatidylcholine, varies from 25 to 55 percent in content in these products. The higher the proportion of phosphatidylcholine, the more likely lecithin may have a mild cognitive-enhancing effect.
The relative failure of choline and lecithin, medications that directly enhance cholinergic function, brings us back to the indirect strategy that led to the development and success of donepezil (Aricept): inhibition of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase. No one really understands exactly why, but this indirect route works much better than the direct approach. Among the cholinesterase inhibitors, physostigmine, acetyl-l-carnitine, tacrine, and donepezil are the most prominent.
Taken From: The Memory Program How to Prevent Memory Loss
and Enhance Memory Power
"
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string(396) "Choline is directly converted into acetylcholine by combining with acetic acid, and you might think that choline should work quite well as a memory enhancer. Unfortunately, although animal studies show that choline heightens attention and helps to transfer information from short to long-term memory, the clinical data are inconsistent and unimpressive. Several placebo-controlled trials to [...]"
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string(2793) "Choline is directly converted into acetylcholine by combining with acetic acid, and you might think that choline should work quite well as a memory enhancer. Unfortunately, although animal studies show that choline heightens attention and helps to transfer information from short to long-term memory, the clinical data are inconsistent and unimpressive. Several placebo-controlled trials to treat Alzheimer’s disease have met with failure. Similar efforts with choline have not worked in people with mild to moderate memory loss. To produce even the slightest effect, choline needs to be ingested in huge quantities of 3 to 12 grams daily. Another practical problem is that if you take this substance, you may exude a fishy smell, not a very appetizing prospect for bystanders, let alone your loved ones.
Lecithin
Lecithin is an essential ingredient of living cells.
It prevents cholesterol accumulation in arteries, and helps prevent liver degeneration.
Phosphatidylcholine is the active element in lecithin that works against memory loss.
Phosphatidylcholine is broken down to choline, which the body then uses to synthesize acetylcholine.
Lecithin has a prolonged duration of action and needs to be taken only once or twice a day.
Like choline, in more than a dozen controlled studies of Alzheimer’s patients, lecithin’s effects have been very small and quite inconsistent. Similar results have emerged from the few placebocontrolled studies of lecithin to treat mild to moderate memory loss; there have been no studies to prevent age-related memory loss.
Your average daily diet contains approximately I gram of lecithin, but this is too little to have any promemory effects. You need to take a large amount— 2 to 10 grams a day— to produce a very small, and debatable, improvement in memory. Lecithin can be purchased in health food stores. The amount of the vital component, phosphatidylcholine, varies from 25 to 55 percent in content in these products. The higher the proportion of phosphatidylcholine, the more likely lecithin may have a mild cognitive-enhancing effect.
The relative failure of choline and lecithin, medications that directly enhance cholinergic function, brings us back to the indirect strategy that led to the development and success of donepezil (Aricept): inhibition of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase. No one really understands exactly why, but this indirect route works much better than the direct approach. Among the cholinesterase inhibitors, physostigmine, acetyl-l-carnitine, tacrine, and donepezil are the most prominent.
Taken From: The Memory Program How to Prevent Memory Loss
and Enhance Memory Power
"
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["title"]=>
string(45) "Nerve cells that release the neurotransmitter"
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string(363) "Nerve cells that release the neurotransmitter acetylcholine form the cholinergic system in the brain, which is divided into two parts: muscarinic (main focus of attention in memory) and nicotinic. The muscarinic projections are outlined in Figure 3, which represents a midline slice through the whole brain. Specific masses of nerve cells, or nuclei, in the [...]"
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string(3185) "Nerve cells that release the neurotransmitter acetylcholine form the cholinergic system in the brain, which is divided into two parts: muscarinic (main focus of attention in memory) and nicotinic. The muscarinic projections are outlined in Figure 3, which represents a midline slice through the whole brain. Specific masses of nerve cells, or nuclei, in the deep part of the brain form the center of the muscarinic cholinergic system, and they use acetylcholine as their neurotransmitter.
Degeneration of these cholinergic nerve cells deep in the brain leads to damage to the areas to which they project and are connected, namely, the hippocampus and frontal cortex. Naturally, memory loss is the result.
Role of Acetylcholine in Cognition
Increase in acetylcholine leads to improved attention, mental arousal, and memory.
From age forty to ninety, the nucleus basalis of Meynert gradually and progressively loses up to half its cholinergic nerve cells.
This loss of cholinergic nerve cells causes a delay in the brain’s ability to process information quickly and accurately, which is why aging leads to slower reactions as well as to mild memory loss.
In Alzheimer’s disease, the nucleus basalis is nearly wiped out within a few years after clinical onset of the illness, causing severe memory loss.
Cholinergic nerve cells release acetylcholine into a narrow cleft or space called the synapse. This acetylcholine molecule races across the synapse and latches onto a receptor in the next neuron, called the postsynaptic neuron. The postsynaptic receptor is specially configured for the acetylcholine molecule, the way a keyhole receives a key. Attachment to this receptor triggers a series of biochemical and physiologic events in the postsynaptic or receiving neuron, leading to a change in brain function that involves improved mental arousal and memory. Once acetylcholine completes its job, it is either sucked back by the nerve cell that released it, ready to fight another day, or it is
broken down by the enzyme acetylcholinesterase in the synaptic cleft.
Different Ways to Boost Acetylcholine
Cholinesterase inhibitors are compounds that inhibit the action of this enzyme, acetylcholinesterase. Treatment with cholinesterase inhibitors indirectly raises the level of acetylcholine by preventing its breakdown, thereby leading to improved attention, mental arousal, learning, and memory. In fact, cholinesterase inhibitors have now reached the forefront of treatment in Alzheimer’s disease, and memory loss more broadly.
If you step back for a moment and think about the issue, this indirect approach does seem a bit odd. Why not directly increase the amount of acetylcholine by pouring it directly into the synapse, or administer a substance (precursor) that is converted to acetylcholine in the brain? Well, these strategies have been tried with compounds like choline and lecithin.
Taken From: The Memory Program How to Prevent Memory Loss
and Enhance Memory Power
"
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string(363) "Nerve cells that release the neurotransmitter acetylcholine form the cholinergic system in the brain, which is divided into two parts: muscarinic (main focus of attention in memory) and nicotinic. The muscarinic projections are outlined in Figure 3, which represents a midline slice through the whole brain. Specific masses of nerve cells, or nuclei, in the [...]"
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string(3185) "Nerve cells that release the neurotransmitter acetylcholine form the cholinergic system in the brain, which is divided into two parts: muscarinic (main focus of attention in memory) and nicotinic. The muscarinic projections are outlined in Figure 3, which represents a midline slice through the whole brain. Specific masses of nerve cells, or nuclei, in the deep part of the brain form the center of the muscarinic cholinergic system, and they use acetylcholine as their neurotransmitter.
Degeneration of these cholinergic nerve cells deep in the brain leads to damage to the areas to which they project and are connected, namely, the hippocampus and frontal cortex. Naturally, memory loss is the result.
Role of Acetylcholine in Cognition
Increase in acetylcholine leads to improved attention, mental arousal, and memory.
From age forty to ninety, the nucleus basalis of Meynert gradually and progressively loses up to half its cholinergic nerve cells.
This loss of cholinergic nerve cells causes a delay in the brain’s ability to process information quickly and accurately, which is why aging leads to slower reactions as well as to mild memory loss.
In Alzheimer’s disease, the nucleus basalis is nearly wiped out within a few years after clinical onset of the illness, causing severe memory loss.
Cholinergic nerve cells release acetylcholine into a narrow cleft or space called the synapse. This acetylcholine molecule races across the synapse and latches onto a receptor in the next neuron, called the postsynaptic neuron. The postsynaptic receptor is specially configured for the acetylcholine molecule, the way a keyhole receives a key. Attachment to this receptor triggers a series of biochemical and physiologic events in the postsynaptic or receiving neuron, leading to a change in brain function that involves improved mental arousal and memory. Once acetylcholine completes its job, it is either sucked back by the nerve cell that released it, ready to fight another day, or it is
broken down by the enzyme acetylcholinesterase in the synaptic cleft.
Different Ways to Boost Acetylcholine
Cholinesterase inhibitors are compounds that inhibit the action of this enzyme, acetylcholinesterase. Treatment with cholinesterase inhibitors indirectly raises the level of acetylcholine by preventing its breakdown, thereby leading to improved attention, mental arousal, learning, and memory. In fact, cholinesterase inhibitors have now reached the forefront of treatment in Alzheimer’s disease, and memory loss more broadly.
If you step back for a moment and think about the issue, this indirect approach does seem a bit odd. Why not directly increase the amount of acetylcholine by pouring it directly into the synapse, or administer a substance (precursor) that is converted to acetylcholine in the brain? Well, these strategies have been tried with compounds like choline and lecithin.
Taken From: The Memory Program How to Prevent Memory Loss
and Enhance Memory Power
"
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["title"]=>
string(40) "Ingratiation: Make Others Feel Important"
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string(370) "Ingratiation is gaining favor by deliberate effort. Ingratiation techniques can include compliments, flattery, and agreeableness. Ingratiation can also involve a special recognition of someone such as, ‘‘We don’t usually do this, but in your case I’m going to make an exception,’’ or ‘‘I am personally going to take care of this matter and see that [...]"
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string(1959) "Ingratiation is gaining favor by deliberate effort. Ingratiation techniques can include compliments, flattery, and agreeableness. Ingratiation can also involve a special recognition of someone such as, ‘‘We don’t usually do this, but in your case I’m going to make an exception,’’ or ‘‘I am personally going to take care of this matter and see that you get what you want.’’ Many people consider ingratiation sucking up or brown-nosing, but it is an effective technique for making others more persuadable. The reason this strategy works is because The Law of Esteem increases likability and promotes an increase in ego.
Research has demonstrated these conclusions about using ingratiation. In one study, ‘‘ingratiators’’ were perceived as more competent, motivated, and qualified for leadership positions by their supervisors.[9] In another study, subordinates who used ingratiation developed an increased job satisfaction for themselves, their coworkers, and their supervisor.[10] In yet another study, ingratiators enjoyed a 5 percent edge over noningratiators in earning more favorable job evaluations.[11] Ingratiation works even when it is perceived as a deliberate effort to win someone over. Our esteem is so starved that we accept any flattery or praise we can get.
[9]J. D. Watt, ‘‘The Impact of Frequency of Ingratiation on the Performance Evaluation of Bank Personnel,’’ Journal of Psychology 127, 2 (1993): 171–177.
[10]S. J. Wayne and R. C. Liden, ‘‘Effects of Impression Management on Performance Ratings: A Longitudinal Study,’’ Academy of Management Journal 38, 1 (1995): 232–260.
[11]R. J. Deluga, ‘‘Supervisor Trust Building, Leader-Member Exchange and Organizational Citizenship Behaviour,’’ Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology 67 (1994): 315–326.
Taken From : Maximum Influence : The 12 Universal Laws of power Persuasion
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string(370) "Ingratiation is gaining favor by deliberate effort. Ingratiation techniques can include compliments, flattery, and agreeableness. Ingratiation can also involve a special recognition of someone such as, ‘‘We don’t usually do this, but in your case I’m going to make an exception,’’ or ‘‘I am personally going to take care of this matter and see that [...]"
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string(1959) "Ingratiation is gaining favor by deliberate effort. Ingratiation techniques can include compliments, flattery, and agreeableness. Ingratiation can also involve a special recognition of someone such as, ‘‘We don’t usually do this, but in your case I’m going to make an exception,’’ or ‘‘I am personally going to take care of this matter and see that you get what you want.’’ Many people consider ingratiation sucking up or brown-nosing, but it is an effective technique for making others more persuadable. The reason this strategy works is because The Law of Esteem increases likability and promotes an increase in ego.
Research has demonstrated these conclusions about using ingratiation. In one study, ‘‘ingratiators’’ were perceived as more competent, motivated, and qualified for leadership positions by their supervisors.[9] In another study, subordinates who used ingratiation developed an increased job satisfaction for themselves, their coworkers, and their supervisor.[10] In yet another study, ingratiators enjoyed a 5 percent edge over noningratiators in earning more favorable job evaluations.[11] Ingratiation works even when it is perceived as a deliberate effort to win someone over. Our esteem is so starved that we accept any flattery or praise we can get.
[9]J. D. Watt, ‘‘The Impact of Frequency of Ingratiation on the Performance Evaluation of Bank Personnel,’’ Journal of Psychology 127, 2 (1993): 171–177.
[10]S. J. Wayne and R. C. Liden, ‘‘Effects of Impression Management on Performance Ratings: A Longitudinal Study,’’ Academy of Management Journal 38, 1 (1995): 232–260.
[11]R. J. Deluga, ‘‘Supervisor Trust Building, Leader-Member Exchange and Organizational Citizenship Behaviour,’’ Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology 67 (1994): 315–326.
Taken From : Maximum Influence : The 12 Universal Laws of power Persuasion
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string(339) "Donepezil (Aricept) is approved by the FDA for Alzheimer’s disease, and not for the treatment of mild memory loss. So what on earth was I doing prescribing this medication to Diane Pozniak, who had very mild memory loss by any definition, someone who clearly did not have any signs of dementia or Alzheimer’s disease? The [...]"
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string(3232) "Donepezil (Aricept) is approved by the FDA for Alzheimer’s disease, and not for the treatment of mild memory loss. So what on earth was I doing prescribing this medication to Diane Pozniak, who had very mild memory loss by any definition, someone who clearly did not have any signs of dementia or Alzheimer’s disease? The answer to this seemingly loaded question is quite straightforward.
Although the FDA “labels” the use of a medication only for a specific disease or diseases, all licensed physicians are free to prescribe approved medications for other conditions if they wish to do so. Obviously, if something goes wrong and a lawsuit ensues, the physician will have a tough time explaining off-label prescribing in court. In reality, many physicians, particularly psychiatrists and neurologists, prescribe medications off-label. This is because there is a wide gap between patients’ needs and what the FDA has been willing to approve for a variety of brain disorders.
Donepezil (Aricept) for Mild Memory Loss
There are more and more people like Diane Pozniak who are taking donepezil (Aricept) for memory loss. Some, like Diane, have very mild symptoms that fall beneath most clinicians’ scanning radar, while others have more clear-cut symptoms that can be called mild to moderate memory loss without dementia. After all, if donepezil is successful in improving memory in a condition like Alzheimer’s that is horrendously difficult to treat, why shouldn’t it work as well, or even better, for milder forms of memory loss? As Diane’s story demonstrates, there is a place for donepezil in such a situation. In fact, recent studies suggest that it has a broad array of actions in improving memory: patients with
multiple sclerosis show improved memory on donepezil compared to placebo, and patients taking antidepressants and similar medications (some with known anticholinergic effects) report a subjective improvement in memory on donepezil. (There was no objective memory testing or placebo control in that study, so view the results with caution.)
Before you run off to get a prescription of donepezil (Aricept) from your doctor, it is important for you to understand exactly how cholinergic medications work; this will give you a sound basis on which to make your decision to take or not to take Aricept.
Science in Evolution: The Cholinergic Story
In 1976, Peter Davies, who was examining autopsied brains of patients with Alzheimer’s disease, reported the death of nerve cells that normally produced the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Around the same time, David Drachman showed that administering scopolamine, which is an antagonist of acetylcholine, to normal people could produce memory impairment and other cognitive deficits that mimicked Alzheimer’s disease. These discoveries began the race to develop an effective medication that could reverse the acetylcholine deficit seen in patients with Alzheimer’s disease.
Taken From: The Memory Program How to Prevent Memory Loss
and Enhance Memory Power
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string(339) "Donepezil (Aricept) is approved by the FDA for Alzheimer’s disease, and not for the treatment of mild memory loss. So what on earth was I doing prescribing this medication to Diane Pozniak, who had very mild memory loss by any definition, someone who clearly did not have any signs of dementia or Alzheimer’s disease? The [...]"
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Although the FDA “labels” the use of a medication only for a specific disease or diseases, all licensed physicians are free to prescribe approved medications for other conditions if they wish to do so. Obviously, if something goes wrong and a lawsuit ensues, the physician will have a tough time explaining off-label prescribing in court. In reality, many physicians, particularly psychiatrists and neurologists, prescribe medications off-label. This is because there is a wide gap between patients’ needs and what the FDA has been willing to approve for a variety of brain disorders.
Donepezil (Aricept) for Mild Memory Loss
There are more and more people like Diane Pozniak who are taking donepezil (Aricept) for memory loss. Some, like Diane, have very mild symptoms that fall beneath most clinicians’ scanning radar, while others have more clear-cut symptoms that can be called mild to moderate memory loss without dementia. After all, if donepezil is successful in improving memory in a condition like Alzheimer’s that is horrendously difficult to treat, why shouldn’t it work as well, or even better, for milder forms of memory loss? As Diane’s story demonstrates, there is a place for donepezil in such a situation. In fact, recent studies suggest that it has a broad array of actions in improving memory: patients with
multiple sclerosis show improved memory on donepezil compared to placebo, and patients taking antidepressants and similar medications (some with known anticholinergic effects) report a subjective improvement in memory on donepezil. (There was no objective memory testing or placebo control in that study, so view the results with caution.)
Before you run off to get a prescription of donepezil (Aricept) from your doctor, it is important for you to understand exactly how cholinergic medications work; this will give you a sound basis on which to make your decision to take or not to take Aricept.
Science in Evolution: The Cholinergic Story
In 1976, Peter Davies, who was examining autopsied brains of patients with Alzheimer’s disease, reported the death of nerve cells that normally produced the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Around the same time, David Drachman showed that administering scopolamine, which is an antagonist of acetylcholine, to normal people could produce memory impairment and other cognitive deficits that mimicked Alzheimer’s disease. These discoveries began the race to develop an effective medication that could reverse the acetylcholine deficit seen in patients with Alzheimer’s disease.
Taken From: The Memory Program How to Prevent Memory Loss
and Enhance Memory Power
"
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["title"]=>
string(20) "Challenge to the Ego"
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string(379) "Here’s another very effective technique. Anytime someone challenges your abilities, especially your abilities to do your business, what’s your immediate and instinctive reaction? To prove them wrong! Try politely expressing your concerns about your proposal and then watch the results. For example, if you said to a supervisor, ‘‘I’m not sure you’re able to get [...]"
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string(3436) "Here’s another very effective technique. Anytime someone challenges your abilities, especially your abilities to do your business, what’s your immediate and instinctive reaction? To prove them wrong! Try politely expressing your concerns about your proposal and then watch the results. For example, if you said to a supervisor, ‘‘I’m not sure you’re able to get those reps of yours producing, so I may hire a consultant.’’ Don’t worry, that guy will be on it, pronto! Or when you say, ‘‘You probably don’t have the authority to pull this off,’’ the prospect will make sure to show you that he does indeed have that power! When employing this technique, however, be careful to avoid damaging the ego. When you cause damage instead of producing a challenge, you will create an air of indifference from your prospect.
Another challenge to someone’s ego is commonly used by sports coaches in a team environment. When during football practice a player is not putting in 100 percent, is late for meetings, or keeps making the same mistake, the coach has a perfect ego-based solution. He brings the team together and explains exactly what has happened with that particular player. He then has the whole team, except for the guilty player, run laps. This punishment is a challenge to the ego of this football player. Such a situation only has to happen once to be persuasive for each member of the team. Of course, the technique also works if the player also has to run with the whole team, but having him watch magnifies the results.
There are many challenging messages geared toward our egos. Think of a multilevel marketing meeting, where managers say they are looking for ‘‘go-getters’’ and ‘‘people who can take action.’’ Or what about a teacher who tells the student, ‘‘I’d like you to do these advanced assignments’’? I have seen sales representatives make a subtle attack on the prospect’s ego when they were not getting the sale. They simply say, ‘‘I guess you don’t have the authority to make that decision.’’ You should see the egos take action! Another example is giving people credit for things they don’t even know. When you give people credit for knowing something they really know nothing about, they generally will say nothing and allow you to believe them to be smarter or more aware than they really are. The catch is that they then will try to live up to the undeserved credit that you have bestowed upon them in order to lead you to believe they really are smart. You have heard such phrases as, ‘‘You probably already know. . . .’’ or ‘‘You will soon realize . . .’’ These are direct challenges to our egos.
Respond Instead of React
In persuasion, we are faced with the difficult task of building the egos of our listeners while placing our own egos on hold. In order to effectively persuade, you have to let go of your ego and focus on your objective. You don’t have time to mend a bruised ego. Check your ego at the door and remember your overriding purpose. Focus on persuasion, not on yourself.
[6]Maxwell and Dornan, Becoming a Person of Influence, p. 43.
[7]Science Newsletter, April 16, 1949.
[8 ]K. Erickson, The Power of Praise (St. Louis: Concordia Publishing House, 1984), pp. 79–80.
Taken From : Maximum Influence : The 12 Universal Laws of power Persuasion
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string(379) "Here’s another very effective technique. Anytime someone challenges your abilities, especially your abilities to do your business, what’s your immediate and instinctive reaction? To prove them wrong! Try politely expressing your concerns about your proposal and then watch the results. For example, if you said to a supervisor, ‘‘I’m not sure you’re able to get [...]"
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string(3436) "Here’s another very effective technique. Anytime someone challenges your abilities, especially your abilities to do your business, what’s your immediate and instinctive reaction? To prove them wrong! Try politely expressing your concerns about your proposal and then watch the results. For example, if you said to a supervisor, ‘‘I’m not sure you’re able to get those reps of yours producing, so I may hire a consultant.’’ Don’t worry, that guy will be on it, pronto! Or when you say, ‘‘You probably don’t have the authority to pull this off,’’ the prospect will make sure to show you that he does indeed have that power! When employing this technique, however, be careful to avoid damaging the ego. When you cause damage instead of producing a challenge, you will create an air of indifference from your prospect.
Another challenge to someone’s ego is commonly used by sports coaches in a team environment. When during football practice a player is not putting in 100 percent, is late for meetings, or keeps making the same mistake, the coach has a perfect ego-based solution. He brings the team together and explains exactly what has happened with that particular player. He then has the whole team, except for the guilty player, run laps. This punishment is a challenge to the ego of this football player. Such a situation only has to happen once to be persuasive for each member of the team. Of course, the technique also works if the player also has to run with the whole team, but having him watch magnifies the results.
There are many challenging messages geared toward our egos. Think of a multilevel marketing meeting, where managers say they are looking for ‘‘go-getters’’ and ‘‘people who can take action.’’ Or what about a teacher who tells the student, ‘‘I’d like you to do these advanced assignments’’? I have seen sales representatives make a subtle attack on the prospect’s ego when they were not getting the sale. They simply say, ‘‘I guess you don’t have the authority to make that decision.’’ You should see the egos take action! Another example is giving people credit for things they don’t even know. When you give people credit for knowing something they really know nothing about, they generally will say nothing and allow you to believe them to be smarter or more aware than they really are. The catch is that they then will try to live up to the undeserved credit that you have bestowed upon them in order to lead you to believe they really are smart. You have heard such phrases as, ‘‘You probably already know. . . .’’ or ‘‘You will soon realize . . .’’ These are direct challenges to our egos.
Respond Instead of React
In persuasion, we are faced with the difficult task of building the egos of our listeners while placing our own egos on hold. In order to effectively persuade, you have to let go of your ego and focus on your objective. You don’t have time to mend a bruised ego. Check your ego at the door and remember your overriding purpose. Focus on persuasion, not on yourself.
[6]Maxwell and Dornan, Becoming a Person of Influence, p. 43.
[7]Science Newsletter, April 16, 1949.
[8 ]K. Erickson, The Power of Praise (St. Louis: Concordia Publishing House, 1984), pp. 79–80.
Taken From : Maximum Influence : The 12 Universal Laws of power Persuasion
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string(33) "CHAPTER 17 Boosting Acetylcholine"
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string(342) "Diane’s Story
Diane Pozniak, a fifty-four-year-old divorced woman, worked during the day and took classes at night with the goal of obtaining a business degree and advancing her career and financial situation. She was not doing well in her classes and felt that it was because her memory was not good. She feared that these memory [...]"
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string(3569) "Diane’s Story
Diane Pozniak, a fifty-four-year-old divorced woman, worked during the day and took classes at night with the goal of obtaining a business degree and advancing her career and financial situation. She was not doing well in her classes and felt that it was because her memory was not good. She feared that these memory lapses would make it impossible for her to pass the required courses to complete her degree. On the other hand, she had no problems functioning at her day job as an
administrative assistant. Her concern about memory loss arose from the fact that her mother had died of dementia in a nursing home, and Diane was worried that she had begun to get a similar illness.
On neuropsychological testing, she performed within the expected range for her age on most tests, except that her delayed recall score on the Selective Reminding Test, which evaluates the ability to learn lists of words and keep them in memory (a test described in chapter 1), was slightly below par. Her blood tests showed no metabolic, thyroid, or nutritional deficiencies, and her MRI scan was normal. Physically, she was in good health with nothing abnormal on her medical or neurologic
examination. She seemed somewhat anxious and was clearly under stress, but I did not think she had an anxiety disorder or depressive illness.
I talked to her about her health habits, particularly the importance of reducing saturated fat in her diet and the need for regular exercise. She also listened to my advice about stress-reduction and relaxation techniques, but I had the distinct impression that she would not follow through with any action. She pointed out that she was so busy with a full-time job plus extensive schoolwork that she could not spare any time to go regularly to the gym, take walks, or start a stress-reduction program. She wanted a pill to help her memory, and after some thought, I advised her to start taking vitamin E 800 IUs daily.
She returned a month later in the same state, saying that she needed something stronger to help her because her performance in class had not changed despite her best efforts. She was convinced that this was solely because of her poor memory, and her earlier neuropsychological testing had suggested that this indeed might be the case. She was burning the midnight oil on a daily basis, so I knew her cognitive problems were not due to lack of effort. I decided to prescribe donepezil
(Aricept) 5 mg daily.
A month later, she was grinning from ear to ear. She had just received a B in a class where just a few weeks earlier, she had fully expected to get a D or even an F. She felt more alert, and reported a distinct boost in her memory function. Out of curiosity, I repeated a few key elements from the neuropsychological test battery. There was some improvement in her performance on the Selective Reminding Test, but I could not entirely rule out a practice effect because she had done a similar test
three months earlier. During the next year, she continued to maintain her improvement, and she successfully finished her business degree with above average grades. At no time was there a dramatic change in her cognitive test performance, indicating that the effect of Aricept was mild to moderate at best. But from Diane’s perspective, it certainly did the trick.
Taken From: The Memory Program How to Prevent Memory Loss
and Enhance Memory Power
"
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string(342) "Diane’s Story
Diane Pozniak, a fifty-four-year-old divorced woman, worked during the day and took classes at night with the goal of obtaining a business degree and advancing her career and financial situation. She was not doing well in her classes and felt that it was because her memory was not good. She feared that these memory [...]"
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string(3569) "Diane’s Story
Diane Pozniak, a fifty-four-year-old divorced woman, worked during the day and took classes at night with the goal of obtaining a business degree and advancing her career and financial situation. She was not doing well in her classes and felt that it was because her memory was not good. She feared that these memory lapses would make it impossible for her to pass the required courses to complete her degree. On the other hand, she had no problems functioning at her day job as an
administrative assistant. Her concern about memory loss arose from the fact that her mother had died of dementia in a nursing home, and Diane was worried that she had begun to get a similar illness.
On neuropsychological testing, she performed within the expected range for her age on most tests, except that her delayed recall score on the Selective Reminding Test, which evaluates the ability to learn lists of words and keep them in memory (a test described in chapter 1), was slightly below par. Her blood tests showed no metabolic, thyroid, or nutritional deficiencies, and her MRI scan was normal. Physically, she was in good health with nothing abnormal on her medical or neurologic
examination. She seemed somewhat anxious and was clearly under stress, but I did not think she had an anxiety disorder or depressive illness.
I talked to her about her health habits, particularly the importance of reducing saturated fat in her diet and the need for regular exercise. She also listened to my advice about stress-reduction and relaxation techniques, but I had the distinct impression that she would not follow through with any action. She pointed out that she was so busy with a full-time job plus extensive schoolwork that she could not spare any time to go regularly to the gym, take walks, or start a stress-reduction program. She wanted a pill to help her memory, and after some thought, I advised her to start taking vitamin E 800 IUs daily.
She returned a month later in the same state, saying that she needed something stronger to help her because her performance in class had not changed despite her best efforts. She was convinced that this was solely because of her poor memory, and her earlier neuropsychological testing had suggested that this indeed might be the case. She was burning the midnight oil on a daily basis, so I knew her cognitive problems were not due to lack of effort. I decided to prescribe donepezil
(Aricept) 5 mg daily.
A month later, she was grinning from ear to ear. She had just received a B in a class where just a few weeks earlier, she had fully expected to get a D or even an F. She felt more alert, and reported a distinct boost in her memory function. Out of curiosity, I repeated a few key elements from the neuropsychological test battery. There was some improvement in her performance on the Selective Reminding Test, but I could not entirely rule out a practice effect because she had done a similar test
three months earlier. During the next year, she continued to maintain her improvement, and she successfully finished her business degree with above average grades. At no time was there a dramatic change in her cognitive test performance, indicating that the effect of Aricept was mild to moderate at best. But from Diane’s perspective, it certainly did the trick.
Taken From: The Memory Program How to Prevent Memory Loss
and Enhance Memory Power
"
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[67]=>
array(13) {
["title"]=>
string(7) "The Ego"
["link"]=>
string(33) "http://harmonyinarcata.com/?p=176"
["comments"]=>
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["pubdate"]=>
string(31) "Sat, 27 Jun 2009 16:45:30 +0000"
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string(305) "We all have an ego, and at times a very fragile one. We all yearn to feel important. The ego, or the individuality of each person, demands respect, wants approval, and seeks accomplishment. Deep inside every man and woman is a desire for importance and approval. This ego of ours can cause us to act [...]"
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string(4442) "We all have an ego, and at times a very fragile one. We all yearn to feel important. The ego, or the individuality of each person, demands respect, wants approval, and seeks accomplishment. Deep inside every man and woman is a desire for importance and approval. This ego of ours can cause us to act illogically and destructively, or it can cause us to act nobly and bravely. When our ego is starved, we seek nourishment for it in any way we can get it. Feed the hungry ego and it will be more persuadable. This hunger is universal; we need our ego fed on a daily basis. We have to have an affirmation every day that our worth as a human being is still intact and that we are appreciated and noticed. After analyzing many surveys, Researcher J.C. Staehle found that the principal causes of dissatisfied workers stemmed from the actions of their supervisors.[6] Those actions included the following, listed in the order of their importance:
Failing to give employees credit for suggestions
Failing to correct grievances
Failing to encourage employees
Criticizing employees in front of other people
Failing to ask employees their opinions
Failing to inform employees of their progress
Practicing favoritism
All of these causes are related to a bruised ego. This is unfortunate because studies show that employees are most effective when they are recognized for their efforts. Psychologists at the University of Michigan found that the foreman of a construction crew who is interested in the people working under him gets more work out of them than the bossy type who tries to force them to work harder.[7]
In an interesting study, school administrators sought to find the ratio of positive to negative statements overheard in the schools’ faculty lounges. Thirty-two schools throughout the nation were visited. Now would you be more likely to assume that there were more positive or more negative comments? Negative? Well, you’re right, but you may not realize how right you are. Researchers were shocked to tally up the statements and find that the ratio was 6 percent positive statements to 94 percent negative statements![8 ]This is certainly a startling result for those of us who find ourselves in positions of leadership.
When you find yourself in a persuasive situation, it is essential that you seek to enhance your prospect’s ego in some way. Too often we present ourselves in a manner that instills feelings of threat, competition, jealousy, and mistrust. When enhancing someone’s ego, be sure your praise is sincere and genuine. When we solicit someone’s cooperation, everyone wins. For example, what happens when a sales associate tells a woman she looks great in the dress? The woman changes back into her original outfit and heads straight for the register! She feels great and the associate gets her sale. Or how about when the lady in shipping says she can really tell you’ve been working out? You do your ‘‘Can you tell?’’ expression, and then the next thing you know, you’re helping her carry boxes. You get to bask in the glory of someone announcing that they think you look strong, and then you’re extended the opportunity to demonstrate your power and might.
We can all learn from General James Oglethorpe’s example. The general desired King George II of England’s permission to establish a colony in the New World. Yet none of his arguments or presentations, no matter how carefully crafted, won the king over. At last, the general had a brilliant idea. He proposed that the colonies be named after the king. Suddenly, the general had not only permission, but abundant financial means and even people to help populate the new colony of Georgia.
There is a particular set of ego rules that should be employed when dealing with a superior. If you are trying to impress your boss, you should approach it differently from how you would handle an employee. Always make those above you feel comfortably superior. In your desire to please or impress them, do not go too far in displaying your talents. Otherwise, you might accomplish the opposite of what you hoped for by inspiring fear and insecurity. When a student outshines the master, there is a blow to the ego. The master wants to appear more brilliant than the student.
Taken From : Maximum Influence : The 12 Universal Laws of power Persuasion
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string(305) "We all have an ego, and at times a very fragile one. We all yearn to feel important. The ego, or the individuality of each person, demands respect, wants approval, and seeks accomplishment. Deep inside every man and woman is a desire for importance and approval. This ego of ours can cause us to act [...]"
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string(4442) "We all have an ego, and at times a very fragile one. We all yearn to feel important. The ego, or the individuality of each person, demands respect, wants approval, and seeks accomplishment. Deep inside every man and woman is a desire for importance and approval. This ego of ours can cause us to act illogically and destructively, or it can cause us to act nobly and bravely. When our ego is starved, we seek nourishment for it in any way we can get it. Feed the hungry ego and it will be more persuadable. This hunger is universal; we need our ego fed on a daily basis. We have to have an affirmation every day that our worth as a human being is still intact and that we are appreciated and noticed. After analyzing many surveys, Researcher J.C. Staehle found that the principal causes of dissatisfied workers stemmed from the actions of their supervisors.[6] Those actions included the following, listed in the order of their importance:
Failing to give employees credit for suggestions
Failing to correct grievances
Failing to encourage employees
Criticizing employees in front of other people
Failing to ask employees their opinions
Failing to inform employees of their progress
Practicing favoritism
All of these causes are related to a bruised ego. This is unfortunate because studies show that employees are most effective when they are recognized for their efforts. Psychologists at the University of Michigan found that the foreman of a construction crew who is interested in the people working under him gets more work out of them than the bossy type who tries to force them to work harder.[7]
In an interesting study, school administrators sought to find the ratio of positive to negative statements overheard in the schools’ faculty lounges. Thirty-two schools throughout the nation were visited. Now would you be more likely to assume that there were more positive or more negative comments? Negative? Well, you’re right, but you may not realize how right you are. Researchers were shocked to tally up the statements and find that the ratio was 6 percent positive statements to 94 percent negative statements![8 ]This is certainly a startling result for those of us who find ourselves in positions of leadership.
When you find yourself in a persuasive situation, it is essential that you seek to enhance your prospect’s ego in some way. Too often we present ourselves in a manner that instills feelings of threat, competition, jealousy, and mistrust. When enhancing someone’s ego, be sure your praise is sincere and genuine. When we solicit someone’s cooperation, everyone wins. For example, what happens when a sales associate tells a woman she looks great in the dress? The woman changes back into her original outfit and heads straight for the register! She feels great and the associate gets her sale. Or how about when the lady in shipping says she can really tell you’ve been working out? You do your ‘‘Can you tell?’’ expression, and then the next thing you know, you’re helping her carry boxes. You get to bask in the glory of someone announcing that they think you look strong, and then you’re extended the opportunity to demonstrate your power and might.
We can all learn from General James Oglethorpe’s example. The general desired King George II of England’s permission to establish a colony in the New World. Yet none of his arguments or presentations, no matter how carefully crafted, won the king over. At last, the general had a brilliant idea. He proposed that the colonies be named after the king. Suddenly, the general had not only permission, but abundant financial means and even people to help populate the new colony of Georgia.
There is a particular set of ego rules that should be employed when dealing with a superior. If you are trying to impress your boss, you should approach it differently from how you would handle an employee. Always make those above you feel comfortably superior. In your desire to please or impress them, do not go too far in displaying your talents. Otherwise, you might accomplish the opposite of what you hoped for by inspiring fear and insecurity. When a student outshines the master, there is a blow to the ego. The master wants to appear more brilliant than the student.
Taken From : Maximum Influence : The 12 Universal Laws of power Persuasion
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[68]=>
array(13) {
["title"]=>
string(44) "Choosing Antioxidants to Prevent Memory Loss"
["link"]=>
string(33) "http://harmonyinarcata.com/?p=406"
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["pubdate"]=>
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string(287) "The brain needs the same nutrients and vitamins as the rest of the body; it just needs a lot more of them. There is evidence supporting the use of antioxidants like vitamin E, and to a lesser extent vitamins A and C. One or more of these essential vitamins is a must in any program [...]"
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string(1905) "The brain needs the same nutrients and vitamins as the rest of the body; it just needs a lot more of them. There is evidence supporting the use of antioxidants like vitamin E, and to a lesser extent vitamins A and C. One or more of these essential vitamins is a must in any program to prevent memory loss. One note of caution: these antioxidants are true long-term prevention agents and not quick-fix therapies.
You will not see any immediate effects on your memory, and may not observe
any change for several months. However, over a period of several years, there is a good chance that your memory will have declined less than that of your aging peers who have not chosen the antioxidant path. In any case, given that these are naturally occurring vitamins and related substances with hardly any side effects, and most are easy to obtain and not very expensive, what is the harm in taking them on a regular basis?
I am perfectly happy with my own regimen of lots of orange and grapefruit juice, which give me plenty of vitamin C, and a daily 800 IU capsule of vitamin E. Vitamin A reaches me as part of a multivitamin tablet, so I currently do not add specific beta-carotene or vitamin A supplementation. Right now, my memory is fine, but if for some reason I begin to develop any signs of memory loss, I may add vitamin A with or without beta-carotene. Similarly, I am holding off on using selegiline.
But if you have already begun to experience mild memory loss, and you don’t have an identifiable reversible cause, you could consider checking with your doctor about prescribing selegiline, in addition to taking vitamin E 800 to 1,200 IUs daily, with vitamin A or C as added options.
Taken From: The Memory Program How to Prevent Memory Loss
and Enhance Memory Power
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strin