- Shu-ging (1231-1316) - astronomer and mathematician who
improved the tables of the Sun and Moon. He made new measurements
of the Sun and the solstices, and added new instruments to observing.
- Sina, Abu-Ali Al-Husain ibn Abdullah ibn (980-1037) -
also known as Avicenna, a physician and philosopher. He made stellar
observations and wrote on astronomy and Ptolemy.
- Sosigenes (c. 50 BC) - Greek astronomer whose is most
known for convincing Julius Caeser to abandon the lunar calendar
in use for the solar calendar. A modified version of this calendar
is still in use today.
- Ssu-ma Chi'en [Sima Qian] (145-90 B.C.) - historian and
astronomer who completed tables of the position of the Moon.
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