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Text Box: Requirements:
Long-lived Probe – Tryptophan triplet state 
Efficient Quencher – Cysteine 
Quenching on Contact – Electron Transfer

 

Microfabricated Mixer for observing folding dynamics as short as 10 ms

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Text Box: General Method to Measure Contact Formation in Unfolded Proteins

Scanning confocal microscopy image of tryptophan fluorescence after mixing
Scanning electron microscope image of mixing chip
Fluorescence Quenching by Potassium Iodide determines the mixing time (8 microseconds)